Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have embraced successes in industrial commercialization and garnered the spotlights in academic research for energy storage devices in the last few decades, owing to the high energy density and high voltage output. [1] Following the widespread application of LIBs, the price of Li resource (mostly Li carbonates) has been increasing significantly, which has already tripled since the beginning of 21st century due to the limited reserve and uneven distribution. [2] Estimated mass fraction of Li on earth crust is only ≈20 ppm, [2d] while the identified Li reserves are geographically unevenly distributed, almost 2/3 of world's Li reserves are located in the "lithium triangle" area at South America. [2a,b] Apart from Li, there have been predictions of supply risks for cobalt resources as well, which are also geographically concentrated in certain regions. [2a,f,3] It is forecasted that Li with medium-to-long term supply risks will be consumed by year of 2050 while the short term Co supply risk is even more urgent than Li. [2a] The Li and Co supply risks on LIBs have triggered and necessitated the exploitation and development of alternative energy storage devices, for example sodium ion batteries (SIBs), potassium ion batteries (PIBs), and aluminum ion batteries (AIBs). The larger ionic radii (Na + : 1.02 Å and K + : 1.38 Å) than Li + (0.76 Å), together with the higher molecular weight of Na (23) and K (39.1) as displayed in Figure 1a, will inevitably hinder the redox kinetics and storage capability of SIBs/PIBs. In addition, the standard redox potential of sodium/potassium (−2.74 V for Na/Na + and −2.96 V for K/K + as shown in Figure 1b) are higher than Li (−3.04 V for Li/Li +), limiting the energy density. [2d,4] Thus the theoretical gravimetric/volumetric capacity of Na (1166 mAh g −1 ; 1131 mAh cm −3) and K (685 mAh g −1 ; 609 mAh cm −3) are both inferior to that of Li (3861 mAh g −1 ; 2062 mAh cm −3) as presented in Figure 1c. [2d] However, Na and K have much higher crustal abundance of 2.36 and 2.09 wt% respectively, in sharp contrast with Li (0.0017 wt%). [5] The cost of Na and K are much lower than that of Li as shown in Figure 1d, making SIBs/PIBs cost effective alkaline metal ion batteries. [5] Furthermore, the lower desolvation energy of Na + /K + (152.8/114.6 kJ mol −1) in ethylene carbonate (EC) than Li + (208.9 kJ mol −1) and higher With increasing cost and supply risks of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), exploitation of alternative metal-ion batteries has been ongoing in recent years. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), and aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) have unique advantages as post-LIB alternatives. Nonetheless, development of electrode materials with high capacity, good reversibility, and extended cycling stability remains challenging. Metal sulfides (MSs), with improved electronic conductivity and better reversibility than metal oxide counterparts, as well as high theoretical capacities, are deemed as promising electrode materials and have been investi...