Facile Synthesis of Nitriles and Amides from Aldehyde over Heterogeneous Reusable Copper Fluorapatite (CuFAP) Catalyst under Neat Reaction Condition

Abstract

A new robust heterogeneous, versatile, an environmentally benign, eco-friendly, recyclable CuFAP catalyst has been developed for the direct synthesis of nitriles and amides from aldehydes at 100˚C for 6 h and 4 h, respectively, under neat reaction condition using hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence and the absence of tosyl chloride, respectively. Also the recyclability of catalyst as well as influence of solvents, additives on catalysts performance was investigated. The protocol can be considered as an alternative to conventional method for the synthesis of nitriles and amides in good to excellent yields. A highlight of our protocol is the easy separation of catalyst from reaction mixture, hence the catalyst is reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic activity.

Kinetic Analysis of Consecutive/Parallel Transformation of Furfural to Biomass-Based Primary Amide by Using a “Concentration–Time” Integral

“…Moreover, doping or incorporation of various transition metals into the spinel structure of Co 3 O 4 further extends their catalytic application, which includes La 1– x Sr x CoO 3 , Mn x Co 3– x O 4 , Mn x Co 1– x Co 2 O 4 , Zn x Co 1– x Co 2 O 4 , and Co 3– x Fe x O 4 . Considering the fact that Cu complexes are important and efficient homogeneous catalysts for aldehyde amidation, ,− Cu-doped Co 3 O 4 (Cu/Co 3 O 4 ) with a mesoporous structure was well-developed as an efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst for the direct amidation of aldehyde in this research.…”

“…The developed catalysts should be able to consecutively catalyze the tandem procedure of 2 dehydration and nitrile ( 3 ) rehydration (Scheme a), thus being a big challenge for organic transformation. Compared with the rearrangement of aldoxime to primary amide, a direct amidation of aldehyde ( 1 ) with hydroxylamine (H 2 NOH) offers a more efficient and practical approach to primary amide (Scheme b), in which both aldoxime and nitrile were generally observed as in-situ-formed intermediates. , However, the reported catalytic systems were generally limited to transition-metal-based homogeneous catalysts such as Sc, Fe, , Cu, ,− Ru, ,− Rh, Pd, and Ir , (see Table S1 in the Supporting Information). Therefore, development of an efficient, robust, recyclable, and eco-friendly heterogeneous nanocatalysts plays a critical role in the green transformation of aldehyde to primary amide.…”