Facile synthesis of petroleum-based activated carbons/tubular polypyrrole composites with enhanced electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrode materials

Design and fabrication of polypyrrole/expanded graphite 3D interlayer nanohybrids towards high capacitive performance

“…5a, the N1s peak of the PPy sample was divided into two characteristic peaks at 400.2 and 401.2 eV, which corresponded to the neutral secondary amine structure (-NH-) and positively charged nitrogen (-N + -). 24,49 The two N1s tting peaks of the PPy/EG10 sample in Fig. 5b are at 400.4 and 401.2 eV.…”

“…The peaks of C1s, N1s and O1s were situated at 285.6, 400.3 and 531.6 eV, respectively, which was attributed to the p-p interaction between PPy and EG. 24 The content of C, N and O elements is shown in Table S2. † With the EG content increasing, the C element content increased from 71.89% to 76.90%, the O element content decreased from 12.49% to 11.18% and the N element content decreased from 15.62% to 11.92%.…”

“…17,18 In the process of charging and discharging, the conductive polymer produces pseudo-capacitance by reversible redox reactions of doping and dedoping. [19][20][21][22][23][24] The utilization of PPy can be enhanced further by controlling the dose of dopant. At the same time, PPy was designed in various micro-morphologies to enhance the pseudo-capacitance of supercapacitors, including nanowires, [19][20][21] nanosheets, 22 nanotubes, 23,24 nanobrushes, 25,26 and hollow microspheres.…”

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] The utilization of PPy can be enhanced further by controlling the dose of dopant. At the same time, PPy was designed in various micro-morphologies to enhance the pseudo-capacitance of supercapacitors, including nanowires, [19][20][21] nanosheets, 22 nanotubes, 23,24 nanobrushes, 25,26 and hollow microspheres. 27 Nevertheless, the poor mechanical strength of PPy, such as the fracture of the molecular chains during charging and discharging, and the large volumetric swelling and shrinking of the molecular chains during electrolyte ion doping/dedoping, inuences the cycle life of supercapacitors.…”

“…3 Carbon materials supply a framework for polymer growth, which could enhance the strength of the polymer chains. 24 Meanwhile, the framework of carbon materials could further increase the electrical conductivity of the nanohybrids. 13 Many recent studies have demonstrated that supercapacitors made of conductive polymer/carbon-based composites have a higher specic capacitance than single materials.…”