Facile synthesis of tin phosphide/reduced graphene oxide composites as anode material for potassium-ion batteries

Insights into Metal/Metalloid-Based Alloying Anodes for Potassium Ion Batteries

“…For PIB anodse, it is low enough to match with a suitable cathode to generate a high -voltage full cell while slightly above the plating potential of K + (0.01 V), thereby preventing the growth of dendrites for a safer battery . To further improve the cycling stability of Sn 4 P 3 , the hierarchically porous carbon or rGO was brought to form composites. , Especially for the study of Sn 4 P 3 supported by hierarchically porous carbon (Figure h), the cycling number was push to 800 cycles with a reversible capacity of 181.5 mAh g –1 left at 500 mA g –1 . , Other Sn- and P-based anodes, such as SnP 0.94 , SnP, and SnP 3 , were also explored. They were able to realize high initial reversible capacities, with SnP as high as 478.1 mAh g –1 under 50 mA g –1 , and but they typically present a limited cycling performance not over 200 cycles, suggesting that the huge volume expansion during potassiation is still highly challenging for this type of anode .…”

“…135 To further improve the cycling stability of Sn 4 P 3 , the hierarchically porous carbon or rGO was brought to form composites. 136,137 Especially for the study of Sn 4 P 3 supported by hierarchically porous carbon (Figure 7h), the cycling number was push to 800 cycles with a reversible capacity of 181.5 mAh g −1 left at 500 mA g −1 . 136,137 Other Sn-and P-based anodes, such as SnP 0.94 , 138 SnP, 139 and SnP 3 , 140 were also explored.…”

“…136,137 Especially for the study of Sn 4 P 3 supported by hierarchically porous carbon (Figure 7h), the cycling number was push to 800 cycles with a reversible capacity of 181.5 mAh g −1 left at 500 mA g −1 . 136,137 Other Sn-and P-based anodes, such as SnP 0.94 , 138 SnP, 139 and SnP 3 , 140 were also explored. They were able to realize high initial reversible capacities, with SnP as high as 478.1 mAh g −1 under 50 mA g −1 , and but they typically present a limited cycling performance not over 200 cycles, suggesting that the huge volume expansion during potassiation is still highly challenging for this type of anode.…”

Recent advances in anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: A review

“…The state-of-art metal phosphide electrodes for PIBs are summarized in Table 5. Tin phosphides are the most extensively investigated anode material for PIBs because both P and Sn species undergo alloying mechanism with the discharge products of K3P and KSn [230][231][232][233], contributing to a high theoretical capacity. Typically, Sn4P3 confined into N-doped carbon fibers was synthesized through the electrospinning method, followed by thermal annealing processes (Fig.…”

Robust Biomass‐Derived Carbon Frameworks as High‐Performance Anodes in Potassium‐Ion Batteries

“…Carbon-based materials have been proved to be reliable anodes or essential electrode composition in the forms of graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [21][22][23][24][25][26] graphite, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] graphene oxide (GO), or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). [15,17,18,34] Nevertheless, there are still many challenges in the utilization of carbon materials as anode in potassium ion batteries: 1) interlayer spacing is not sufficient in many carbon materials. Commercial graphite usually has a interlayer spacing of 0.335 nm to accommodate large K + ions (1.38 Å), which results in poor rate capability and fast capacity decay.…”