Facile synthesis of ultrafine Ru nanocrystal supported N-doped graphene as an exceptional hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in both alkaline and acidic media

Barman, Barun Kumar; Das, Debanjan

doi:10.1039/c7se00153c

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Pristine metallic nanostructures demonstrate excellent catalytic activity toward 4-NP reduction; however they undergo irreversible agglomeration in solution during the reaction process, leading to a gradual loss in activity over time. , To mitigate this issue, an important strategy is to decorate the active catalysts on suitable supports such as polymers, graphene, − CNTs, − etc. This leads to a significant improvement in the stability while retaining the activity throughout the process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Rinse, Repeat”: An Efficient and Reusable SERS and Catalytic Platform Fabricated by Controlled Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Paper

Das

Senapati

Nanda

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Grafting metal nanoparticles (NPs) on flexible platforms is being increasingly attempted to advance their usage in the field of catalysis, sensing, energy storage, etc. However, anchoring NPs on substrates is nontrivial as it involves surface modification of the NPs and/or the substrate, which makes the whole process tedious. Here, we extend the classical “silver-mirror” reaction to unmodified filter paper achieving a controllable deposition of Ag NPs. The Ag NPs/filter paper thus obtained was employed as an enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate achieving detection limits down to picomolar (10–12 M) and nanomolar (10–9 M) concentrations for rhodamine 6G and rhodamine B, with an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.42 × 1010 and 0.659 × 106, respectively. To check its usage for practical applications, the substrate was extended to detect trace amounts of illicit dyes used on common vegetables and contaminants in rain, pond, and tap water with excellent reproducibility. Moreover, the as-prepared Ag–paper can be directly employed for 4-nitrophenol reduction, which can be completely reduced to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in a single step within seconds. The substrate can be reused several times over without any noticeable change in its catalytic activity. Finally, we studied the chemical transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by studying the concomitant spectral response, thereby integrating catalysis and SERS on a single substrate. This method thus provides a facile avenue to low-cost paper-based functional substrates for multimodal applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Rinse, Repeat”: An Efficient and Reusable SERS and Catalytic Platform Fabricated by Controlled Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Paper

Das

Senapati

Nanda

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Apart from the above-mentioned composites of Ru metal with other metals, phosphides, and oxides, among others, Ru metal can also be loaded on various functional carbon substrates, generating Ru–C hybrids, which have been extensively reported as extraordinarily high-activity HER electrocatalysts in the pH-universal electrolytes. ,− In these composites, carbon-based supports, including reduced graphene oxide (RGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanosheet, porous carbon, XC-72 Vulcan carbon, and so on, show many advantages, which are summarized below. ,− First, carbon materials generally have super conductivity, which decreases the electrical resistance among active species . Second, carbon substrates with the ultrahigh specific area can avoid the agglomeration of Ru nanocrystals and accordingly obtain uniform and highly dispersed fine Ru particles .…”

Section: Recent Advances In Ru-based Electrocatalysts Toward Water Sp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, Ru–C composites are fabricated by using two classes of strategies of “in situ produced carbon” and “as-formed carbon”. The former is mainly derived from the high-temperature calcination treatment of a mixture of Ru salts and organic molecules. − , During the annealing process, metal species catalysis and thermal decomposition enable organic linkers to be successfully transferred into various carbon nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanosheets, irregular porous carbon, or CNTs, etc.). For instance, Zhang et al reported the synthesis of a novel ruthenium/nitrogen-doped carbon (Ru/NC) catalyst using polyaniline as a carbon precursor and RuCl 3 x H 2 O as the metal source, and the micromorphology of the resultant samples could be controlled by the pyrolysis temperature range from 800 to 1000 °C .…”

Section: Recent Advances In Ru-based Electrocatalysts Toward Water Sp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Prospective in Ruthenium-Based Materials for Electrochemical Water Splitting

et al. 2019

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As a highly appealing technology for hydrogen generation, water electrolysis including oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode largely depends on the availability of efficient electrocatalysts. Accordingly, over the past years, much effort has been made to develop various electrocatalysts with superior performance and reduced cost. Among them, ruthenium (Ru)-based materials for OER and HER are very promising because of their prominent catalytic activity, pH-universal application, the cheapest price among the precious metal family, and so on. Herein, recent advances in this hot research field are comprehensively reviewed. A general description about water splitting is presented to understand the reaction mechanism and proposed scaling relations toward activities, and key stability issues for Ru-based materials are further given. Subsequently, various Ru-involving electrocatalysts are introduced and classified into different groups for improving or optimizing electrocatalytic properties, with a special focus on several significant bifunctional electrocatalysts along with a simulated water electrolyzer. Finally, a perspective on the existing challenges and future progress of Ru-based catalysts toward OER and HER is provided. The main aim here is to shed some light on the design and construction of emerging catalysts for energy storage and conversion technologies.

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“…This phenomenon can also be observed over the reference samples of Ru/NC and Ru/C in this study, as well as other Ru‐based catalysts in previous studies. [ 7b,d,14 ] With these remarkable catalytic behaviors over a wide pH range, it is attractive to apply the Ru/OMSNNC micro/nanoreactors in various types of cells for water splitting, such as microbial electrolysis cell and proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ordered Macroporous Superstructure of Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbon Implanted with Ultrafine Ru Nanoclusters for Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2021

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The massive depletion of fossil fuels has led to severe energy and environmental crisis, which urgently needs an in-depth research on the exploration of sustainable energy. Among various energy sources, hydrogen (H 2) is considered to be one of the most potential alternatives to traditional fossil fuels owing to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. [1] Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an attracting and scalable technology to split water into H 2 , which can use the renewable electricity as power to realize a hydrogen-based economy. [2] Metals with good conductivity and proton activation are promising electrocatalysts for HER. The past years have witnessed the great progress on metal-based catalysts for HER, where the noble metals, such as platinum (Pt) with near-zero overpotential and a very low Tafel slope for HER, are well known to meet the requirements in terms of commercial application. [3] However, the cherish scarcity and poor stability The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an attractive technology for the mass production of hydrogen. Ru-based materials are promising electrocatalysts owing to the similar bonding strength with hydrogen but much lower cost than Pt catalysts. Herein, an ordered macroporous superstructure of N-doped nanoporous carbon anchored with the ultrafine Ru nanoclusters as electrocatalytic micro/nanoreactors is developed via the thermal pyrolysis of ordered macroporous single crystals of ZIF-8 accommodating Ru(III) ions. Benefiting from the highly interconnected reticular macro-nanospaces, this superstrucure affords unparalleled performance for pH-universal HER, with order of magnitude higher mass activity compared to the benchmark Pt/C. Notably, an exceptionally low overpotential of only 13 mV@10 mA cm −2 is required for HER in alkaline solution, with a low Tafel slope of 40.41 mV dec −1 and an ultrahigh turnover frequency value of 1.6 H 2 s −1 at 25 mV, greatly outperforming Pt/C. Furthermore, the hydrogen generation rates are almost twice those of Pt/C during practical overall alkaline water splitting. A solar-to-hydrogen system is also demonstrated to further promote the application. This research may open a new avenue for the development of advanced electrocatalytic micro/nanoreactors with controlled morphology and excellent performance for future energy applications.

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Facile synthesis of ultrafine Ru nanocrystal supported N-doped graphene as an exceptional hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in both alkaline and acidic media

Abstract: Ultrafine (∼2 nm) mono-disperse Ru nanocrystals on N-doped graphene (Ru@NG) shows Pt-like catalytic activity towards HER in the both alkaline and acid media with zero onset potential and better current density as compared to Pt/C.

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

“Rinse, Repeat”: An Efficient and Reusable SERS and Catalytic Platform Fabricated by Controlled Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Paper

“Rinse, Repeat”: An Efficient and Reusable SERS and Catalytic Platform Fabricated by Controlled Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Paper

Recent Advances and Prospective in Ruthenium-Based Materials for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Ordered Macroporous Superstructure of Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbon Implanted with Ultrafine Ru Nanoclusters for Efficient pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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