Facile Synthesis of ZnO Thin Films at Low Temperatures Using an Additive-Free Electrochemical Oxidation Method

Abstract

Because of their simplicity and low equipment costs, various oxidation methods can be used to create metal oxides, but they still require long processing times and/or high temperatures. In this study, a new electrochemical oxidation (ECO) method, which oxidizes metal in DI water with a constant flowing current to both the cathode and anode, was developed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional oxidation methods. The mechanism of the ECO method is discussed. Metallic Zn films were oxidized by the ECO method in DI water for 1 h. The DI water temperature was varied from 30 to 90 <sup>o</sup>C to determine the optimal temperature for the ECO process. Increasing the temperature of the DI water led to distinct surface changes in the disk-shaped Zn plate. The intensity of diffraction peaks from the ZnO (002) plane gradually increased from 31.67 to 2806.48. The structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin film were enhanced as the temperature of the DI water approached 90 <sup>o</sup>C, which means that a high-quality ZnO thin film was synthesized using the ECO method at lower temperatures and shorter processing time compared with established oxidation methods. These results confirm the ECO method can be useful for the low-cost fabrication of transparent and flexible optoelectronic devices.

Initiating Reversible Aqueous Copper–Tellurium Conversion Reaction with High Volumetric Capacity through Electrolyte Engineering

“…This capacity fading mechanism is closely related to the hydrogen bond network and free water in electrolytes, and is affected by the nature of tellurium as an amphoteric metal that can react with both acids and bases. [36][37][38][39] The unstable electrochemical cycling alongside oxidation process is probably dominated by the destructive attack of dis solved oxygen and unconstrained water molecules, particularly by the evolution of the local ionic structure due to the parasitic reactions of water decomposition. [40,41] Therefore, the funda mental stabilization strategy for Cu-Te conversion relies on inhibiting the oxidation reactions in cells.…”

Comparative Study on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Various Cobalt-Selenide-Based Electrocatalysts

“…However, the high-energy requirement for water splitting impedes hydrogen formation at a high flow rate. Traditionally, catalysts have been applied for water electrolysis to reduce the energy barrier and accelerate reaction kinetics [7][8][9]. Pt-based materials are promising catalysts for HER [10][11][12].…”