Facilitating Electron Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Tailored SnO₂ Film Composition

Abstract

The ratio of Sn2+ to Sn4+ plays an essential role in influencing the characteristics of SnO2 film, which is the commonly used in normal structure of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We have identified that different sequences of addition lead to varying concentrations of Sn2+ and Sn4+ within the SnO2 film. Through this strategic approach, we have successfully engineered an enhanced SnO2 film with improved electron transport capabilities, a smoother surface texture, and more suitable energy levels. Consequently, the efficiency of PSCs has seen a notable increase from 22.58% of control device to 24.16% for target PSC. Furthermore, PSCs utilizing the optimized SnO2 have demonstrated superior long‐term environmental stability when compared to the control devices. Specifically, PSCs incorporating optimized SnO2, exposed to approximately 30% humidity in ambient air for 41 days without encapsulation, retained 87% of their initial efficiency. In contrast, the control devices under the same conditions only maintained 77% of their original value.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.