Facilitation of instrumental avoidance learning by amphetamine: An analysis

Kulkarni, A. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00404957

Cited by 42 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This dose of amphetamine was chosen based on its ability to enhance memory consolidation in a variety of behavioral paradigms (Blaiss & Janak, 2006;Brown et al, 2000;Fenu & Di Chiara, 2003;Haycock et al, 1977;Janak & Martinez, 1992;Krivanek & McGaugh, 1969;Kulkarni, 1968;Martinez et al, 1980;Oscos et al, 1988;Packard & White, 1989;Simon & Setlow, 2006). Anisomycin (Sigma) was initially dissolved in 1N HCl, then diluted in physiological sterile saline, and finally adjusted to a pH of 7.2.…”

Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been known for many years that psychostimulants can enhance consolidation in a variety of learning tasks (McGaugh, 1966;McGaugh, 2002;McGaugh & Petrinovich, 1965). Systemic injections of AMPH have been shown to enhance the consolidation of aversive tasks such as conditioned taste aversion (Fenu & Di Chiara, 2003) and various types of avoidance learning (Doty & Doty, 1966;Haycock, Van Buskirk & Gold, 1977;Janak & Martinez, 1992;Kulkarni, 1968;Martinez, Jensen, Messing, Vasquez, Soumireu-Mourat, Geddes, Liang & McGaugh, 1980). In addition, systemic injections of AMPH have been shown to enhance the consolidation of spatial learning (Brown, Bardo, Mace, Phillips & Kraemer, 2000;Packard & White, 1989;Strupp, Bunsey, Levitsky & Kesler, 1991), visual discrimination learning (Krivanek & McGaugh, 1969), and appetitive conditioning (Oscos, Martinez & McGaugh, 1988;Simon & Setlow, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-training, but not post-reactivation, administration of amphetamine and anisomycin modulates Pavlovian conditioned approach

Blaiss

Janak

2007

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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The psychostimulant, amphetamine (AMPH), and the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (ANI), have been shown to modulate the consolidation and reconsolidation of several types of learning. To determine whether Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) is modulated in a similar manner, we examined the effects of post-training and post-reactivation administration of both AMPH and ANI on memory for PCA. Male Long-Evans rats received PCA training sessions during which presentations of a CS+ were followed by sucrose delivery. AMPH (1 mg/kg, s.c.) injected immediately but not 6 hrs after the first training session enhanced PCA behavior. ANI (150 mg/kg, s.c.) injected immediately but not 3 hrs after the first training session impaired PCA behavior. This impairment was not due to the development of a conditioned taste aversion. To examine whether PCA can also be modulated by post-reactivation administration of AMPH and ANI, rats were given an injection of AMPH, ANI, or vehicle immediately after a memory reactivation session. Upon testing, the behavior of both the AMPH-and the ANI-treated rats was unaffected. This result remained consistent when the experiment was repeated with changes to various behavioral parameters (i.e. amount of training, length of memory reactivation). These findings indicate that AMPH and ANI act during the post-training but not the post-reactivation period to enhance and impair, respectively, the learning of PCA. This suggests that the consolidation of PCA can be modulated in a manner comparable to other types of learned associations, but once learned, the memory appears to be relatively robust and stable.

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Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-training, but not post-reactivation, administration of amphetamine and anisomycin modulates Pavlovian conditioned approach

Blaiss

Janak

2007

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…It is also quite possible that impaired passive avoidance learning is not due only to increased activity. According to Kulkarni (1968), although d-amphetamine increases somatic motor activity and nonspecific responses, this nonspecific stimulation does not parallel d-amphetamine effects upon learning.…”

Section: Passive a Voidance Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prenatal maternal administration of d-amphetamine on rat offspring activity and passive avoidance learning

Seliger

1973

Psychobiology

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Gravid albino rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight of d-amphetamine during Days 5-9 or Days 12-16 of gestation. Offspring were assessed for activity level and passive avoidance learning. Almost all of the drug groups, especially those whose mothers received 5 mg of d'amphetamine early in pregnancy, displayed significantly higher activity than did the controls. Administration of 5 mg of d'amphetamine to mothers early in pregnancy was also detrimental to the learning of a passive avoidance response in their offspring, but large doses, whether given early or late in pregnancy, did not affect this behavior.The effect of early experience upon later behaviors of an organism is a currently highly researched area in the field of psychology; numbers of investigators have published results involving various stressor agents applied to the neonate, infant, and adolescent. It is apparent that a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the importance of events occurring early in life in determining later behavior. However, compared with the extensive literature concerning effects of stressors applied postnatally, there appear to be relatively few studies dealing with the effects on offspring behavior of agents administered prenatally, an area which Thompson, Watson, and Charlesworth (1962) have declared a logical extension of the early environment problem.Of the wealth of medical articles dealing with the teratogenic effects of various agents, the majority restricts their reports to anatomical and physiological defects of offspring. If there are no obvious malformations, the compound is considered to be safe. As Werboff and Gottlieb (1963) have stated, another system is susceptible to teratogenic effects of drugs-the behavior, or functional adaptation, of the offspring to its environment. If the developing fetus can be affected by stressor agents, it is not unreasonable to suppose that these agents might influence the behavioral development and subsequent adjustment of the organism.Research has established that several treatments, when administered prenatally, can produce many behavioral changes in the offspring. Investigators have demonstrated the effects of drugs (Armitage, 1952;Hamilton, 1945 ;Hamilton & Hamed, 1944; Thompson, *This report is based on a dissertation submitted to Temple University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree. The author wishes to express gratitude to Hughbert C.Hamilton for his guidance and support throughQut this work. The author also thanks the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, and particularly Elias W. Packman, for making laboratory facilities so freely available for the conduct of this research. The experimental compound was generously supplied by Smith, Kline, and French Laboratories.t Requests for reprints should be sent to Deborah L. Seliger, who is now at Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102 . Goldenberg, Watson, & Watson, 1963; Werboff, Gottlieb, Dembicki, & Havlena, 1961; Werboff & Kesner, 1963), radiation (...

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“…Drug exposure during conditioning can also increase the strength of the conditioned behaviors and the effects of the conditioned stimuli during subsequent drug-free test sessions (eg Kulkarni, 1968;Krivanek and McGaugh, 1969;Glick, 1971;Killcross et al, 1997;Phillips, 1998, 1999;Robbins, 1975Robbins, , 1978Robbins et al, 1983). One interpretation of these observations is that a history of psychomotor stimulant exposure facilitates future motivated behaviors, generally, and independent of whether those behaviors are conditioned in close temporal association with acute drug actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Strengthening of Conditioned Behaviors That Occur during Periods of Amphetamine Exposure

Wan

Holden

Lynch

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Exposure to psychomotor stimulants, during conditioning sessions, can lead to a persistent increase in the strength of conditioned behaviors and the effects of conditioned stimuli, which can be detected in subsequent drug-free periods. It is possible that the effects are selective for the behaviors and stimuli conditioned during drug exposure. The present study was designed to test this prediction. Animals were trained to discriminate two sets of stimuli. For each set, lever pressing during the presentation of one stimulus (S+ ) was reinforced and responding during the presentation of the other stimulus (SÀ) had no programmed consequences. Following an initial acquisition phase, training with one set of stimuli continued during sessions of amphetamine exposure, whereas training with the second set continued during saline exposure (20 intermixed sessions). The findings of subsequent drug-free choice tests showed that the drug history selectively enhanced the propensity of animals to engage in the drug-assigned behavior relative to the saline-assigned behavior. This change in behavior was evident in S+ , but not SÀ trials and was potentially mediated by an acute effect of amphetamine on stimulus conditioning. The findings provide novel evidence that the facilitative effects of coincident conditioning and acute psychomotor stimulant exposure can be selective for the stimuli and behaviors conditioned during the drug exposure. These findings are relevant to hypotheses regarding the etiology of drug addiction.

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Facilitation of instrumental avoidance learning by amphetamine: An analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Post-training, but not post-reactivation, administration of amphetamine and anisomycin modulates Pavlovian conditioned approach

Post-training, but not post-reactivation, administration of amphetamine and anisomycin modulates Pavlovian conditioned approach

Effect of prenatal maternal administration of d-amphetamine on rat offspring activity and passive avoidance learning

Selective Strengthening of Conditioned Behaviors That Occur during Periods of Amphetamine Exposure

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