“…The present study reports that exceptionally intense agonistic behavior was engendered by pairing males proximate to a previously inseminated female without sexual access. Although intermale competition is well known in laboratory mice (see, e.g., Brain & Benton, 1983;deCatanzaro, 1999) and female exposure has been shown to stimulate agonistic behavior (deCatanzaro, 1981), the qualities of competition observed here, involving enurination targeted at the opponent, may be unprecedented. A comparable effect has been reported for mature male guinea pigs paired in an enclosure in the presence of an unfamiliar female (Sachser & Lick, 1989;Sachser, Lick, & Stanzel, 1994).…”