Facilitators and Barriers of HIV Self-Testing Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study

Zhang, Ci; Li, Xianhong; Heilemann, MarySue V.; Chen, Xi; Wang, Honghong; Koniak‐Griffin, Deborah

doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000218

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Under this theme, HIVST kit users provided either positive or negative evaluations for web-based sellers and HIVST kits. As for their web-based shopping experiences with sellers on these e-commerce platforms, most comments were concerned with privacy and convenience about purchasing HIVST kits on the web, which is consistent with the previous findings on the advantages of using HIVST for the sake of privacy and convenience [18,22,37]. For example, some commenters made a comparison between using HIVST kits and visiting the clinic for a test and showed their preference for the former: I feel that a heavy stone was finally removed from my heart.…”

Section: Comments On the Sellers And Hivst Kitssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In addition, it is found that web-based buyers of HIVST kits tended to have higher education and upper-middle income and to be unmarried young men [21]. It should be noted that HIVST studies in China have overwhelmingly adopted obtrusive methods such as survey [7,[17][18][19]21] and interview [12,22] in which those who took HIVST were approached by researchers or they were aware of their status as study participants. Because of HIV stigma in Chinese society [23], participants who completed the survey or got interviewed may not disclose truthful information about their self-testing experiences.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Chinese Users’ Feedback Comments on HIV Self-testing Kits From e-Commerce Platforms: Thematic and Content Analysis

Liu¹,

Zhu²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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Background HIV self-testing is preferred by many Chinese people for its convenience and confidentiality. However, most studies on HIV self-testing (HIVST) uptake in China overfocused on men who have sex with men and overrelied on obtrusive methods such as surveys and interviews to collect data. Objective We aimed to explore Chinese HIVST kit users’ authentic experience via their feedback comments posted on e-commerce platforms using an unobtrusive approach. Methods In total, 21,018 feedback comments about buying and using HIVST kits posted on Chinese e-commerce platforms (Tmall and Pinduoduo) were collected. An inductive thematic analysis based on a random sample of 367 comments yielded several thematic features. These thematic features were developed into coding categories for a quantitative content analysis of another random sample of 1857 comments. Results Four themes were identified in the first study, including the expression of positive and negative emotions after and before getting the test, respectively, calling for living a clean and moral life in the future, comments on the sellers and HIVST kits, and the reasons for buying HIVST kits. The results from the second study suggested that there were significant associations between different platforms and several thematic features. Nearly 50% of the comments were related to the product itself and the disclosures of HIV-negative test results. More than 25% of the comments showed users’ feelings of gratefulness after receiving negative test results such as “thank heavens for sparing my life.” Conclusions The results suggested that Chinese users relied on HIVST kits to reduce and prevent HIV infection, while they also considered HIV infection a punishment related to moral violation such as being sexually promiscuous. The traditional Chinese health belief that health is influenced by one’s morality still persists among some Chinese users. Many users also lacked appropriate knowledge about HIV transmission and self-testing kits.

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Section: Comments On the Sellers And Hivst Kitssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Chinese Users’ Feedback Comments on HIV Self-testing Kits From e-Commerce Platforms: Thematic and Content Analysis

Liu¹,

Zhu²,

Gao³

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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show abstract

“…Additionally, monitoring of medication compliance can be performed electronically, such as a medication reminder electronic pillbox, online medication reminder notifications, and other services ( 17 ). The current market price of HIV and other STI self-test kits ranges from $14 to $43 ( 57 ). Based on the standards from the guidelines, the cost of a follow-up test could be at least $57 per person/year, which is higher than the service cost (¥95 per person/year) modeled in a study by Zhang et al ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the standards from the guidelines, the cost of a follow-up test could be at least $57 per person/year, which is higher than the service cost (¥95 per person/year) modeled in a study by Zhang et al ( 31 ). Additionally, concerns regarding the quality of testing kits bought online remain a major obstacle that makes patients reluctant to test ( 57 ). Additionally, the market price of some domestic generic drugs could be unpredictably affected by the intermittent pandemic outbreaks in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: A Systematic Review

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveMen who have sex with men in China meet the definition of the population at “substantial risk” of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) according to the World Health Organization; therefore, initiating pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for this population. Lack of convincing evidence on cost-effectiveness has resulted in the lack of large-scale PrEP implementation at a national level. The objective of this review is to assess the cost-effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation among men who have sex with men in China.MethodsThe following databases were used to search studies of pre-exposure prophylaxis in China in both English and Chinese: PubMed, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang Database. Inclusion criteria included pre-exposure intervention, year for publication (2007–2021), setting (China), and cost-effectiveness estimation.ResultsSeven studies were identified. We found that pre-exposure prophylaxis is only cost-effective among men who have sex with men without prioritization with at least a 5.5% reduction in the market price in the models. Pre-exposure prophylaxis is potentially cost-effective when using the latest market price, combined with other preventive programs or delivered to the population with a high risk of HIV exposure.ConclusionOur study identifies key considerations in cost-effectiveness evaluation: cost assumptions, implementation coverage, and targeted population. The scarce evidence available is not comparable to some extent. However, combined with the latest market and policy reform, the cost-effectiveness of PrEP could be achieved as estimated by the underlying model of the included studies. Consequently, it calls for more standard and transparent modeling studies that include the latest drug types and market prices.

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“…Além disso, sigilo e privacidade foram necessidades percebidas como contempladas com a autotestagem. (Dirisu et al, 2020;Figueroa et al, 2015;Flowers et al, 2017;Freeman et al, 2018;Frye et al, 2015;Frye et al, 2018;Jaspal, 2018;Leitinger et al, 2021;Lippman et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2019;Okoboi et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2021;Witzel et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2021) Adicionalmente, para aqueles HSH em que a orientação sexual não é assumida publicamente, o autoteste foi apontado como o método mais acessível devido ao receio por eles expresso de serem vistos por conhecidos em clínicas de testagem para IST e, de alguma forma, terem sua orientação sexual divulgada (Liu et al, 2019). (Frye et al, 2018).…”

Section: Confiança/desconfiança No Autotesteunclassified

Significados do autoteste anti-HIV em fluido oral para homens que fazem sexo com homens

Alexandre¹

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A Deus, que sempre me deu forças para trilhar o caminho a ser percorrido.Aos meus pais, Regiane e Luiz, por estarem sempre ao meu lado em todos os momentos, e por me ensinarem que apenas através da educação conseguiria alcançar meus objetivos.Ao meu esposo, Eduardo, pela paciência, palavras de incentivo, e por sempre acreditar em mim.Aos meus familiares, por todo carinho, orações e palavras de conforto. Ao meu orientador, professor Aluisio Segurado, por todo o acolhimento, suporte, conhecimentos compartilhados e incentivo dado. Expresso minha gratidão por ter me ensinado o modelo de profissional que pretendo ser. À minha coorientadora, professora Rita Bertolozzi, por todo o carinho, palavras de afeto e contribuições que permitiram que este trabalho fosse realizado. À professora Sofia Gruskin, por ter me recebido em seu grupo de pesquisa durante o período de doutorado sanduíche. Aos meus amigos do CTA Henfil, em especial, Mônica, Deolinda, Moira, Lanne, Bianca e Juliana, por terem me acolhido tão bem em São Paulo e por terem tornado meus dias mais alegres. Aos profissionais do CRT DST/aids, que contribuíram com a realização desta tese. Aos entrevistados, que aceitaram fazer parte desta pesquisa. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela concessão da bolsa de doutorado e doutorado sanduíche."Sou o gibão do vaqueiro, sou cuscuz, sou rapadura Sou vida difícil e dura Sou nordeste brasileiro Sou cantador violeiro, sou alegria ao chover Sou doutor sem saber ler, sou rico sem ser granfino Quanto mais sou nordestino, mais tenho orgulho de ser." (Bráulio Bessa) NORMALIZAÇÃO ADOTADA Esta dissertação está de acordo com as seguintes normas em vigor no momento desta publicação: Referências: adaptado de International Committe of Medical Journals Editor

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Facilitators and Barriers of HIV Self-Testing Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Examining Chinese Users’ Feedback Comments on HIV Self-testing Kits From e-Commerce Platforms: Thematic and Content Analysis

Examining Chinese Users’ Feedback Comments on HIV Self-testing Kits From e-Commerce Platforms: Thematic and Content Analysis

Cost-Effectiveness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: A Systematic Review

Significados do autoteste anti-HIV em fluido oral para homens que fazem sexo com homens

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