Facilitators and strategies to implement clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil: a qualitative approach

Ramos, Sheila Feitosa; Júnior, Genival Araújo dos Santos; Pereira, André Mascarenhas; Dosea, Aline Santana; Rocha, Kérilin Stancine Santos; Pimentel, Déborah; Lyra-Jr, Divaldo Pereira de

doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3403-4

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…At the hospital level, potential interaction between doctors and pharmacists and the resulting enhanced collaboration was thought to greatly improve the pharmacist's involvement in patient-centered roles. Similar suggestions have been reported in a US study [55], while a study conducted in Brazil provided evidence that active communication, trust, and respect between pharmacists and physicians promoted improved pharmacy services [32]. However, a Pakistani study also reported that although physicians and nurses consider pharmacists a useful source of information, they regard pharmacist involvement in direct patient care as unpleasant and a menace to hospital harmony [56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Pharmacy Services beyond the Basics: A Qualitative Study to Explore Perspectives of Pharmacists towards Basic and Enhanced Pharmacy Services in Pakistan

Atif

Razzaq

Mushtaq

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Enhanced pharmacy services have been identified as a mechanism to address medicines and drug-related problems. The aim of the study was to explore the perspectives of practicing pharmacists on the scope of pharmacy service provision in Pakistan. This qualitative study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB). Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with practicing pharmacists at the university who were undertaking postgraduate studies. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 13 pharmacists were interviewed. The analysis of data yielded four themes and 12 subthemes. The themes included the current scenario of pharmacy services, the benefits of pharmacy services, barriers to implementation of pharmacy services, and strategies to improve their delivery. Pharmacist participants reported that patient-oriented pharmacy services have not been properly implemented in Pakistan. Pharmacists appear to be undertaking only conventional roles at various levels within the healthcare system. The participants indicated multiple benefits of patient-oriented pharmacy services, including safe and effective use of medicines, minimization of drug-related problems, and financial benefits to the healthcare system. Based on the findings, policy-makers are required to take the necessary steps to overcome pharmacist-related and policy-related barriers associated with the implementation of patient-oriented pharmacy services in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The interview schema was developed through an extensive literature search [30][31][32] and with the aim of answering the research questions. The schema was developed through regular meetings amongst the research team and is outlined in Supplementary File S1.…”

Section: Interview Schema Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy Services beyond the Basics: A Qualitative Study to Explore Perspectives of Pharmacists towards Basic and Enhanced Pharmacy Services in Pakistan

Atif

Razzaq

Mushtaq

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Table 1 shows the barriers and the categories that emerged from the focus groups and interviews. The facilitator and strategies to implement CPS are described in a previous study [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived barriers to the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCLinical pharmacy services (CPS) are professional services provided by pharmacists, who use their skills and knowledge to take an active role in patient health. These services have expanded in health systems around the world. However, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of factors that may hinder the implementation of CPS in health systems.ObjectiveTo identify pharmacists’ and managers’ perceptions of barriers regarding the implementation of CPS in some public health units in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil.MethodsThis is a qualitative study based on focus groups and semi-structured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews. Participants were health-system pharmacists and managers, selected based on their direct participation in the implementation process. Focus groups were carried out with the pharmacists, and interviews were carried out with managers. The audio and videos were transcribed verbatim in full, and were independently analyzed using content analysis. This study was approved by the Brazilian Committee of Ethics in Research and all participants signed informed consent forms.FindingsThere were two focus groups and five interviews. The discussions generated 240 minutes of recordings. The health-system pharmacists and managers expressed barriers were allocated into five categories to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the implementation of CPS; these barriers were related to: the local healthcare networks, the healthcare team, the pharmacists, the implementation process, and the patients.ConclusionsThis study revealed the perceptions of barriers associated with the participants involved in the implementation of CPS in some public health units in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil. The barriers reflect the challenges to be overcome in the CPS implementation process in the health systems.

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“…Factors related to support from the community pharmacy chain were highlighted as facilitators of the implementation process. According to the literature, the support of the institution, the manager, and the supply of training, in uence the provision of CPS in different settings [15,26,27,36]. Regarding autonomy, studies have shown that this factor is in uenced by the market economy, often limiting the capacity for professionals, who are employed, to apply their own judgement when making decisions [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This data collection method was chosen to include the varied experiences and perceptions of the participants. The interview guide was constructed during a brainstorming meeting between the research team (ARM, KSSR, and SCS), based on relevant literature [25,26,27] and their clinical experiences.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factors may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies? A qualitative study

Cerqueira-Santos

Rocha

Araújo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Implementation of clinical pharmacy services, such as drug dispensing, is a complex process. It is necessary to understand the challenges associated with this practice from the perspective of the actors involved to help ensure optimal service provision. Thus, this study aimed to understand the factors that may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies, according to the perceptions of pharmacists. Methods: This qualitative study was based on semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. The participants were pharmacists who worked in a chain of community pharmacies in Brazil, selected based on their direct participation in the implementation process. The interview recordings were transcribed full verbatim and were independently analyzed using thematic analysis, followed by consensus meetings between researchers. The factors identified by the participants were classified according to the Apoteca framework. This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research and all participants signed an informed consent form. Results: We conducted 18 interviews, with 47 factors that may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies being identified. These factors were allocated to seven categories: support from community pharmacy chain (4), pharmacy infrastructure (11), characteristics of the pharmacy, medicines and other health products (4), pharmacist (16), dispensing work process (2), pharmacy team (2), and patient (8). The classification of factors according to the Apoteca framework allocated most of them to administrative (14) and technical (14) domains, followed by attitudinal (13) and political (5) domains. Conclusions: This study identified several factors that can influence the implementation of drug dispensing and classified them according to the domains of the Apoteca framework, highlighting the multifactorial nature of the implementation process. The results of this study can guide the planning of strategies aimed at providing efficient drug dispensing in community pharmacies.

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Facilitators and strategies to implement clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil: a qualitative approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 98 publications

Pharmacy Services beyond the Basics: A Qualitative Study to Explore Perspectives of Pharmacists towards Basic and Enhanced Pharmacy Services in Pakistan

Pharmacy Services beyond the Basics: A Qualitative Study to Explore Perspectives of Pharmacists towards Basic and Enhanced Pharmacy Services in Pakistan

Perceived barriers to the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in a metropolis in Northeast Brazil

Which factors may influence the implementation of drug dispensing in community pharmacies? A qualitative study

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