Facility against tsunamis and green infrastructure—a case study of post-disaster reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake

Envisioning a resilient future for biodiversity conservation in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic

“…building of energy infrastructure, nuclear accidents) commonly resulted in habitat degradation and fragmentation (Dudley et al, 2002;Hostert et al, 2011;Marske et al, 2007;Sayer et al, 2012). Natural disasters, in particular, caused immediate and extensive declines and alterations to habitats (Affan et al, 2019), in some instances paving the way for new habitats to form (Kurosawa, 2021). Habitat degradation was also commonly recorded as a direct result of war or violent conflict (Dudley et al, 2002;Nguyen, 2009), and occasionally from human responses to the threat of zoonotic disease (Olival et al, 2012).…”

“…Post-disaster reconstruction activities can be directed to benefit biodiversity, particularly when the restoration of highly diverse habitats helps reduce the impact of perturbations, or when 'grey' infrastructure is replaced with 'greener' infrastructure (Kurosawa, 2021). However, communities and governments in crisis mode are unlikely to prioritise environmental protection…”

“…unless environmental governance is particularly resilient or conservation organisations work in concert with existing social and cultural institutions and development/reconstruction goals (De Merode et al, 2007;Hart et al, 1997;Kurosawa, 2021;Main & Dearden, 2007). The use of military personnel, infrastructure and partnerships to conduct conservation activities has also been employed to achieve conservation outcomes post-perturbation.…”