Facing recovery: Emotional bias in working memory, rumination, relapse, and recurrence of major depression; an experimental paradigm conducted five years after first episode of major depression

Ronold, Eivind Haga; Joormann, Jutta; Hammar, Åsa

doi:10.1080/23279095.2018.1550406

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, depressive biases could influence self-report and contribute to negative self-ratings, which could explain why symptoms and self-reported cognition and depressive symptoms show greater relationships than self-report and neuropsychological results ( 88 , 89 ). Reduced cognitive functioning in phases of recovery and being unable to achieve at a premorbid level may lead to negative self-representation and ruminative tendencies ( 7 , 90 , 91 ), and thus increase the risk of relapse and recurrence of the illness ( 29 , 38 , 92 ). Self-reported cognitive deficits are related to both functional disability outcome and are predictors of relapse and recurrent episodes ( 31 , 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasingly, studies have investigated cognitive functioning from the perspective of acute state- to remitted phases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Some cognitive deficits observed in the symptomatic phase persist in remission as traits or scars. The etiological origin and clinical consequences of the neurocognitive profiles reported in the literature are still unclear and may vary across populations. Deficits are suspected to influence the association between MDD and neurodegenerative disorders and could thus be of particular clinical consequence. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical neuropsychological profile in MDD and how it is related to research during the past decade on cognitive deficits in MDD from a state, trait, and scar perspective. This review, with a clinical perspective, investigates research from the past decade regarding cognitive functioning in MDD in a long-term perspective. We focus on the clinical manifestation of deficits, and the potential neurodegenerative consequences of the neurocognitive profile in MDD. Searches in Medline, PsycINFO and Embase were conducted targeting articles published between 2010 and 2020. Examination of the evidence for long-lasting neurocognitive deficits in major depression within the cognitive domains of Memory, Executive Functions, Attention, and Processing Speed was conducted and was interpreted in the context of the State, Scar and Trait hypotheses. Defining the neurocognitive profiles in MDD will have consequences for personalized evaluation and treatment of residual cognitive symptoms, and etiological understanding of mood disorders, and treatments could potentially reduce or delay the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, this suggestion does not negate the effects of emotional states on an individual's processing of attentional or memory tasks. Indeed, previous studies have shown that emotional states or mental illnesses (e.g., depression, anxiety, and worry) can affect attention and VWM [64,65,88,[105][106][107][108][109]. However, knowledge is currently limited regarding the influence of emotional states on the results of the visual search or change detection paradigms that use emotional face stimuli.…”

Section: Summary and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative and Positive Bias for Emotional Faces: Evidence from the Attention and Working Memory Paradigms

et al. 2021

Neural Plasticity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visual attention and visual working memory (VWM) are two major cognitive functions in humans, and they have much in common. A growing body of research has investigated the effect of emotional information on visual attention and VWM. Interestingly, contradictory findings have supported both a negative bias and a positive bias toward emotional faces (e.g., angry faces or happy faces) in the attention and VWM fields. We found that the classical paradigms—that is, the visual search paradigm in attention and the change detection paradigm in VWM—are considerably similar. The settings of these paradigms could therefore be responsible for the contradictory results. In this paper, we compare previous controversial results from behavioral and neuroscience studies using these two paradigms. We suggest three possible contributing factors that have significant impacts on the contradictory conclusions regarding different emotional bias effects; these factors are stimulus choice, experimental setting, and cognitive process. We also propose new research directions and guidelines for future studies.

show abstract

“…The increase could illustrate the need for longer follow up times in clinical studies, as comorbidity commonly increase with increasing follow up time (31). The relatively high depressive rumination could indicate that rumination represent risk factor in remission from MDD (32,55,56). Residual symptoms like rumination, and risk factors like comorbid disorders, could thus be of importance when planning treatment and prevention strategies.…”

Section: Deficits In Ef and Processing Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Longitudinal 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Function After First Episode Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring State, Scar and Trait Effects

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Major depression (MDD) is associated with cognitive deficits in processing speed and executive function (EF) following first episode (FE). It is unclear whether deficits are state or trait related. Studies following FE MDD over longer periods are lacking, making it uncertain how cognition and symptoms develop after the initial episode. The present study assessed cognitive function and symptoms 5 years following FE MDD. In addition, the study explored relationships between MDD symptoms, rumination, and cognitive deficits with regards to the trait, state, and scar perspective. Twenty-three participants with previous FE MDD, and 20 matched control participants were compared on Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System measures of processing speed and EF, in a 5-year longitudinal follow-up study. Correlations between current symptoms- and history of MDD, rumination, cognition were investigated. Findings indicated that cognitive deficits persisted with no clear signs of exacerbation after initial episode. Inhibition appeared independent of current and previous symptoms of depression. Processing speed was related to depressive- symptoms and rumination. In conclusion, results indicated persisting, stable deficits in both EFs and processing speed. Findings further suggest that depressive symptoms could be related to deficits in processing speed, indicating state effects. There was limited support for worsening of cognition after initial episode. Some aspects of EF like Inhibition could show persistent deficits independent of depressive symptoms indicating trait effects.

show abstract

Facing recovery: Emotional bias in working memory, rumination, relapse, and recurrence of major depression; an experimental paradigm conducted five years after first episode of major depression

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

Negative and Positive Bias for Emotional Faces: Evidence from the Attention and Working Memory Paradigms

A Longitudinal 5-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Function After First Episode Major Depressive Disorder: Exploring State, Scar and Trait Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About