Facing the challenge of permafrost thaw in Nunavik communities: innovative integrated methodology, lessons learnt, and recommendations to stakeholders

Abstract

In order to support climate change adaptation in the communities of Nunavik, an innovative multi-technique approach to map permafrost conditions and assess risks of geohazards at the community-scale level was applied. Four maps were produced for each community: 1- a surficial geology map, 2- a map of permafrost conditions based on ground-ice content and depth to bedrock, 3- a map of potential for construction and 4- a geohazard risk assessment map. Local ground temperature data from thermistor cables were used to calibrate one-dimensional numerical models to estimate future permafrost temperature changes and probable rates of degradation in different environmental settings within the communities and under different climate change scenarios for the 2019-2100 period. Throughout this project, abundant consultations were held in communities and with stakeholders to better understand their concerns and to provide pragmatic recommendations for improving construction methods and land-use planning to face the challenges of permafrost thaw. Specific recommendations were made to the higher levels of government for improving construction practices. Inuit aspirations, culture and leadership remain keys in how to integrate permafrost geotechnical knowledge in planning a safe future for the communities.

A review of data analytics techniques in enhancing environmental risk assessments in the U.S. Geology Sector

“…This approach can be instrumental in future geological practices, particularly in areas like hydraulic fracturing, where the potential for environmental impact is significant (Milton-Thompson, 2019). Allard et al (2023) present an innovative integrated methodology to address the challenges of permafrost thaw in Nunavik communities. Their approach, which includes producing maps of permafrost conditions and assessing risks of geohazards at the community-scale level, underscores the need for interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts in geological studies.…”

“…The study demonstrates the value of combining geological knowledge with community engagement and stakeholder consultation. This integrated approach is essential for future geological practices, especially in the context of climate change and its impact on permafrost regions (Allard et al, 2023).…”

Permafrost Degradation in the Ice-Wedge Tundra Terrace of Paulatuk Peninsula (Darnley Bay, Canada)

“…12). The snow accumulation along the airstrip embankment may also contribute to increased water availability in summer and to a reduction in ground cooling in winter, promoting permafrost warming and degradation (Allard et al, 2020).…”

“…Snow accumulation and poor water drainage result in water retention along the runways. Thaw pond water retains heat from solar radiation and participates in downward heat diffusion inducing permafrost degradation and subsidence (Allard et al, 2020). Once the degradation has begun, the new soil surface conditions reinforce the degradation phenomena.…”

“…This phenomenon is an issue for infrastructure and could significantly impact Arctic communities. For instance, in Nunavik, northern Canada, permafrost degradation is affecting airfields and roads, posing engineering challenges (Oldenborger and LeBlanc, 2015;Allard et al, 2020;Gruber, 2020). Already, some coastal settlements, such as Shishmaref (Alaska) and Tuktoyaktuk (Canada), threatened by erosion and marine submersion, are requiring relocation works and plans to adapt to climate change (Radosavljevic et al, 2016;Whalen et al, 2022).…”