Factor analysis of trends in Texas acidic deposition

Kessler, Christof J.; Porter, Thomas H.; Firth, David; Sager, Thomas W.; Hemphill, M.W.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90045-m

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Varimax rotation of the APCA scores adopted preserved the independence of the factors that are a measure of the contribution of each source to each sample of PM 2.5 . This analysis permits the estimation of the contribution of each factor to explain the mass concentration of PM 2.5 (Kessler et al, 1992;Ccoyllo and Andrade, 2002). The minimum condition for the number of samples is N ≥ 30 + (n + 30)/2, where N is the total number of samples and n is the number of variables (Henry et al, 1984).…”

Section: Analysis Of Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Chemical Composition of Fine Particulates in Medium-Sized Urban Areas: A Case Study of Brazilian Cities

Beal

Bufato

Almeida

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the inorganic chemical composition of fine inhalable atmospheric particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in medium-sized cities in Brazil. These cities account for a significant proportion of the population and are growing at rates above the national average, thereby demonstrating the importance of carefully analysing the possible impact of such growth on air quality over the coming decades. In 2013 and 2014, this study collected PM 2.5 samples from sites in the cities of Londrina and Maringa in two seasons: winter and summer. The mean concentration of PM 2.5 ranged from 4.4 µg m -3 and 3.7 µg m -3 during the summer to 10.3 µg m -3 and 8.0 µg m -3 in winter in Londrina and Maringa, respectively. The analysis of the major water-soluble ions, nitrate, sulphate and chloride, showed that they accounted for between 16.5% and 35.1% from the mass of PM 2.5 , with sulphate providing the greatest contribution in all the campaigns. The nitrate/sulphate ratios ranged from 0.2 and 0.6, which are similar to the figures cited in the literature for other regions of the world. Although the PM 2.5 concentrations are much lower than those observed in Asia and in Sao Paulo the participation of ions (%) is very close to that observed in Asian cities and significantly higher than the values recorded in other areas of Brazil, possibly as a result of the increased influence of burning of biomass and waste. The metals Zn, Pb, Cu and Mn found in the samples from all campaigns indicate that, in general, mobile sources are the main contributor to PM 2.5 . The winter campaigns showed the highest concentrations of black carbon equivalent (BCe). Absolute principal component analysis and enrichment factor analysis indicate the contribution of vehicular emission sources and biomass and waste burning to the inorganic chemical composition of PM 2.5 .

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Section: Analysis Of Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Chemical Composition of Fine Particulates in Medium-Sized Urban Areas: A Case Study of Brazilian Cities

Beal

Bufato

Almeida

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…After the correction, the factors associated with industrial influence and the factor unique to H + remained, and the influence of dust on precipitation chemistry became evident as indicated by high loadings of the second factor on Ca 2+ and K + (Table IV). This dust influence has also been identified in northern Taiwan after sea salt aerosol correction as well as in many other places around the world (Durand et al, 1992;Kessler et al, 1992). Because Taiwan is an island, sea salt aerosols have strong influences on precipitation chemistry and the influences of other sources may not be identified if the oceanic influence is not excluded from the analysis.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Characterizinig Precipitation Chemistry in Changhua, Central Taiwan Using Weather Conditions And Multivariate Analysis

Chang

Lin

Hsueh

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Few studies of atmospheric deposition come from the fast growing region of Southeast Asia. Precipitation in Changhua City in central Taiwan was collected to examine its chemical composition and relationship with meteorological patterns. Fifty percent of the precipitation measurements had pH < 5.0. Deposition fluxes of most ions were comparable to that reported for heavily industrialized temperate regions. Storms associated with air masses which originated in China had higher ion concentrations than other storms, suggesting substantial contribution of long-range transport. Two factors, a sea salt factor and an anthropogenic factor, explained more than 70% of the variation in precipitation chemistry. A third factor had a high loading only on H + , suggesting that pH of precipitation in Changhua City was not dominated only by acidic or basic ions alone. Instead it is determined by all components. The influences of soil and dust, as indicated by high loading on Ca 2+ and K + , cannot be recognized without sea salt correction.

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“…Eigenvectors are correlated with specific combinations of the emission sources of the elements which affect the receptor (Seinfeld and Pandis 1998). In order to differentiate the contribution of emission sources to the content of the main ions in the precipitation, the factor analysis technique (PCA analysis) based on the calculation of the factors was employed (Astel et al 2004;Kessler et al 1992). PCA is a factor model in which the factors are based on summarising the total variance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-soluble main ions in precipitation over the southeastern Adriatic region: chemical composition and long-range transport

Đorđević

Tošić

Unkašević

et al. 2010

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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For better estimation of origins of water-soluble ions in precipitation expanding list of analysis on anions of organic acids, such as HCOO(-), CH(3)COO(-), and C(2)H(2)COO(-), could be indicative of volatile organic compounds emitted by vegetation but also traffic. The chemical composition of precipitation together with a study of air backward trajectories is the proper tool for tracking the long-range transport of water-soluble ions and estimating transboundary pollution.

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Factor analysis of trends in Texas acidic deposition

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Inorganic Chemical Composition of Fine Particulates in Medium-Sized Urban Areas: A Case Study of Brazilian Cities

Inorganic Chemical Composition of Fine Particulates in Medium-Sized Urban Areas: A Case Study of Brazilian Cities

Characterizinig Precipitation Chemistry in Changhua, Central Taiwan Using Weather Conditions And Multivariate Analysis

Water-soluble main ions in precipitation over the southeastern Adriatic region: chemical composition and long-range transport

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