“…Following this preliminary evaluation, the remaining items were subjected to a principal components analysis and the result of this analysis was compared to the original factor solution reported (McCracken, 1999), using Cattell's salient variables index, s (Cattell et al, 1969). Finally, the relations of these factors to the other measured variables were assessed with correlation and multiple regression methods.…”
Acceptance of chronic pain entails that an individual reduce unsuccessful attempts to avoid or control pain and focus instead on participation in valued activities and the pursuit of personally relevant goals. Recent research suggests that pain-related acceptance leads to enhanced emotional and physical functioning in chronic pain patients above and beyond the influence of depression, pain intensity, and coping. In these studies, acceptance was measured using the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Preliminary analyses of the CPAQ have supported its psychometric properties. The present study sought to further refine the CPAQ by examining its factor structure and evaluating the relations of these factors to other indices of pain-related distress and disability. Although a previously demonstrated factor structure of the CPAQ was generally supported, only factors assessing (a) the degree to which one engaged in life activities regardless of the pain and (b) willingness to experience pain had adequate reliability and validity and were significantly related to the other measures of patient functioning. A revised version of the CPAQ is suggested. q
“…Following this preliminary evaluation, the remaining items were subjected to a principal components analysis and the result of this analysis was compared to the original factor solution reported (McCracken, 1999), using Cattell's salient variables index, s (Cattell et al, 1969). Finally, the relations of these factors to the other measured variables were assessed with correlation and multiple regression methods.…”
Acceptance of chronic pain entails that an individual reduce unsuccessful attempts to avoid or control pain and focus instead on participation in valued activities and the pursuit of personally relevant goals. Recent research suggests that pain-related acceptance leads to enhanced emotional and physical functioning in chronic pain patients above and beyond the influence of depression, pain intensity, and coping. In these studies, acceptance was measured using the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Preliminary analyses of the CPAQ have supported its psychometric properties. The present study sought to further refine the CPAQ by examining its factor structure and evaluating the relations of these factors to other indices of pain-related distress and disability. Although a previously demonstrated factor structure of the CPAQ was generally supported, only factors assessing (a) the degree to which one engaged in life activities regardless of the pain and (b) willingness to experience pain had adequate reliability and validity and were significantly related to the other measures of patient functioning. A revised version of the CPAQ is suggested. q
“…The Salient Variable Similarity Index (SVSI; Cattell et al, 1969;Tabachnick & Fidell, 1983, p. 414) suggests perfect agreement across samples for the single factor hypothesis when salient is defined in this way. If a salient loading must be .8 or larger, however, there is only 50% agreement in accordance with the SVSI.…”
We describe mathematical and statistical models for factor invariance. We demonstrate that factor invariance is a condition of measurement invariance. In any study of change (as over age) measurement invariance is necessary for valid inference and interpretation. Two important forms of factorial invariance are distinguished: "configural" and "metric". Tests for factorial invariance and the range of tests from strong to weak are illustrated with multiple group factor and structural equation modeling analyses (with programs such as LISREL, COSAN, and RAM). The tests are for models of the organization and age changes of intellectual abilities. The models are derived from current theory of fluid (Gf) and crystallized (Gc) abilities. The models are made manifest with measurements of the WAIS-R in the standardization sample. Although this is a methodological paper, the key issues and major principles and conclusions are presented in basic English, devoid of technical details and obscure notation. Conceptual principles of multivariate methods of data analysis are presented in terms of substantive issues of importance for the science of the psychology of aging.
“…Similar to Albaum and Peterson (2006), two factors emerged-behavioral ethicality and philosophical ethicality (see Table IV). The resulting factor structures were compared using Cattell's salient variable similarity index (Cattell and Baggaley, 1960;Cattell et al, 1969) and Levine's (1977) pattern similarity index. The results of these analyses suggested that Ethicality scores (and the underlying factor structures) were comparable across the American and non-American subsamples.…”
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