Factor structure and construct validity of the psychopathic personality inventory in a forensic sample

Abstract

A wealth of research has underscored the strong relationship between PCL-R scores and recidivism. However, mounting criticism cites the PCL-R's cumbersome administration procedures and failure to adequately measure core features associated with the construct of psychopathy (Skeem, Polaschek, Patrick, & Lilienfeld, 2011). In light of these concerns, this study examined the PPI and the PPI-R, which were designed to measure core personality features associated with psychopathy (Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996; Lilienfeld & Widows, 2005). Study one examined the PPI relative to the PCL-R and examined its factor structure. The instruments shared few significant correlations and neither the PCL-R nor the PPI significantly predicted recidivism. Study two examined the PPI-R relative to the PCL-R, the PPI, both history of violence and future criminal activity and measure of related constructs. The PPI-R was significantly correlated with measures of empathy and criminal thinking and the factors were related to a history of violence and predicted future violent criminal behavior.

Violence risk assessment instruments in forensic psychiatric populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Based on 47 studies with age information, the median age was 35 years (IQR 33–38). Studies were conducted in 12 countries—Austria, 34 Australia, 35 , 36 , 37 Belgium, 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 Canada, 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 Denmark, 52 , 53 , 54 Finland, 50 , 55 Germany, 50 , 56 Japan, 57 Netherlands, 3 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 Sweden, 50 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 the UK, 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 and the USA 81 , 82 —all high-income economies ( appendix p 4 ). 83

Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram

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Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews

“…Furthermore, even forensic samples comprised of individuals with relatively low PCL-R scores (e.g. mean PCL-R = 14.5) ( Gonsalves et al. , 2013 ) have significantly higher psychopathic traits than the general population ( Blonigen et al.…”

Key challenges in neurocognitive assessment of individuals with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy

“…The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is the most widely used assessment tool in clinical forensic and penitential populations (Hare, 1991), but considerable debate persists about the most appropriate construct of psychopathy (Cooke and Michie, 2001;Hare and Neumann, 2008). This has led to the use of other tools including self-report questionnaires, which may have lower reliability, since individuals with ASPD+/-P might not tell the truth or have enough insight (Brinkley et al, 2001;Sellbom et al, 2007;Gonsalves et al, 2013). The assessment of community-dwelling individuals with subclinical psychopathic traits also limits the ability to form a consistent understanding of psychopathy (e.g., Esser and Eisenbarth, 2021;Friedman et al, 2021).…”