Factor structure, correlates, and incremental validity of the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form

Abstract

We assessed the factor structure, correlates, and incremental validity of the Pain Appraisal Inventory in Chinese adult chronic pain samples. In an initial exploratory factor analysis sample ( N = 301), the original two-component (threat, challenge) 16-item Pain Appraisal Inventory and a 10-item short form (Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form) were supported. Within a confirmatory factor analysis sample ( N = 285), uniformly acceptable fits were observed only for the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form. Furthermore, Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form threat and challenge subscales had significant correlations with conceptually related measures and added to prediction models for pain-related coping and adjustment, independent of other pain belief scales. Together, results indicated that the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form has utility in Chinese chronic pain samples.

Pain beliefs mediate relations between general resilience and dysfunction from chronic back pain.

“…Items were rated between 1 ( strongly disagree ) and 6 ( strongly agree ). The PAI-SF was found to have satisfactory internal consistency, convergent validity, and incremental validity (Chen et al, 2018). In this study, the PAI-SF-C had an alpha of α = .86.…”

“…Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short-Form-Challenge (PAI-SF-C). The 10-item PAI-SF (Chen, Pu, Ye, Wang, & Jackson, 2018) was derived from factor analyses on the original PAI (Unruh & Ritchie, 1998) in Chinese chronic pain samples and comprises five-item Threat Appraisal and five-item Challenge Appraisal subscales. In this study, the latter PAI-SF subscale was used to examine appraisals of ongoing pain as a source of challenge and positive outcomes.…”

Visual attention to pain cues for impending touch versus impending pain: An eye tracking study

“…Pain resilience, which comprises capacities to persevere and maintain a positive attitude despite pain (Slepian, Ankawi, Himawan, & France, ), merits consideration as one possible resource in light of its links with other cognitive factors such as challenge appraisals of pain and pain self‐efficacy (e.g. Chen, Pui, Ye, Wang, & Jackson, in press; Chen & Jackson, ; Sturgeon & Zautra, ).…”