Factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Matsumura, Kenta; Hamazaki, Kei; Tsuchida, Akiko; Kasamatsu, Haruka; Inadera, Hidekuni; Kamijima, Michihiro; Yamazaki, Shin; Ohya, Yukihiro; Kishi, Reiko; Yaegashi, Nobuo; Hashimoto, Koichi; Mori, Chisato; Ito, Shuichi; Yamagata, Zentaro; Nakayama, Takeo; Iso, Hiroyasu; Shima, Masayuki; Kurozawa, Youichi; Suganuma, Narufumi; Kusuhara, Koichi; Katoh, Takahiko

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67321-x

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Postpartum depression at 1 month after delivery was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with a score of ≥ 9 used as a cut-off [35,36] to categorize results. Cronbach's alpha for the EPDS was 0.82, as shown in our previous study [37].…”

Section: Covariatessupporting

confidence: 81%

Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

et al. 2021

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Background Paternal childcare is reported to benefit maternal mental health, but specific childcare behaviors have not been comprehensively determined. This study sought to identify paternal childcare behaviors associated with maternal mental health by adjusting for other covariates associated with maternal mental health and examining childcare behaviors. Methods This study investigated whether seven types of paternal childcare behaviors at 6 months after delivery were associated with maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery, which was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). After exclusions from a dataset of 103,062 pregnancies obtained in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, we evaluated data from 75,607 mothers. Results More than 70% of fathers were always or sometimes involved in “playing at home,” “playing outdoors,” “changing diapers,” and “bathing,” 60%–70% in “helping with feeding” and “dressing,” and 45.9% in “putting the child to bed.” All paternal childcare behaviors showed some beneficial association with less maternal psychological distress, both moderate (K6 score 5–12) and severe (K6 score ≥ 13) distress. Playing at home was the most beneficial association identified (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.76 for moderate psychological distress; aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.48 for severe psychological distress). Conclusions These seven types of paternal childcare behaviors may help lessen maternal psychological distress. Emphasis should be given to building education systems and working environments that promote paternal childcare.

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Section: Covariatessupporting

confidence: 81%

Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

et al. 2021

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“…A recent Japanese study using a large dataset revealed a three-factor structure model consisting of “Anhedonia” (Items 1 and 2), “Anxiety” (Items 3, 4, 5, and 6), and “Depression” (Items 7, 9, and 10). This model demonstrated a high goodness-of-fit [ 36 ]. On the other hand, a Japanese study using a cluster analysis suggested the presence of mothers with pathological maternal bonding (14.4%), with an optimal MIBS cut-off score of 4/5 at 1 month after delivery [ 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on one-month postpartum mothers in a metropolitan area of Japan

Takubo

Tsujino

Aikawa³

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has recently become the most important issue in the world. Very few reports in Japan have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on peripartum mental health. We examined the status of postpartum mental health before and during COVID-19 pandemic from a consecutive database in a metropolitan area of Japan. Methods The subjects were women who had completed a maternity health check-up at a core regional hospital in Yokohama during the period from April 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. We collected the subjects’ scores for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) at 1 month postpartum. The subjects were divided into four groups (three Before COVID-19 groups and a During COVID-19 group). MANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to determine mental health changes in the postpartum period among the four groups. Results The Before and During COVID-19 groups contained 2844 and 1095 mothers, respectively. There were no significant difference in the total scores of the EPDS and MIBS among the four groups. However, the EPDS items related to anxiety factors were significantly higher and the EPDS items related to anhedonia and depression factors (excluding thoughts of self-harm) were significantly lower in the During COVID-19 group. Conclusion The EPDS scores changed in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety, which represent hypervigilance, was significantly higher and anhedonia and depression were significantly lower in the During COVID-19 group. Our results may reflect COVID-19-related health concerns and a lack of social support caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Mothers with postpartum depression symptoms had child-rearing anxiety and exhaustion even when their children were five years old, and their children often behaved in a worrisome manner [ 36 ]. The EPDS also includes items that indicate depression, and studies that analyzed factor structure identified factors related to anxiety and depression [ 37 , 38 ]. As the EPDS predicted child-rearing anxiety at the 3-year-old checkup, it may lead to difficulties raising children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors of Having Difficulties Raising 3-Year-Old Children in Japan: Usefulness of Maternal and Child Health Information Accumulated by the Local Government

2021

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Background: Difficulties raising children may be associated with depressive tendencies and abuse by parents, for which maternal and child health information may be useful. We clarified factors related to difficulties in raising children at the time of the 3-year-old child health checkup. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study. We used maternal and child health information collected from the time of pregnancy notification until the 3-year-old child health checkup. The subjects were the parents of 507 children who were born and eligible for the 3-year-old child health checkup between September 2013 and October 2017. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed. The dependent variable was “having difficulties raising children at the 3-year-old health checkup”. Result: Eleven factors were clarified as risk factors. Three major factors among them were having difficulties raising children at the 18-month-old checkup (adOR, 6.3; 95%CI, 3.0–13.9), actions are at the child’s own pace and adult instructions are difficult to follow at the 18-month-old health checkup (adOR, 5.0; 95%CI, 1.3–25.4), and EPDS score ≥ 2 (adOR, 3.4; 95%CI, 1.5–8.1). The AUC of this predictive model was 0.86. At a cutoff value of 0.387, the sensitivity was 79.7% and the specificity was 77.6%. Conclusion: Having difficulties raising children at the 3-year-old health checkup has factors from the time of pregnancy and requires continued support. It was possible and useful to use maternal and child health information when screening high-risk parents.

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Factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Cited by 28 publications

References 62 publications

Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Paternal childcare at 6 months and risk of maternal psychological distress at 1 year after delivery: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on one-month postpartum mothers in a metropolitan area of Japan

Factors of Having Difficulties Raising 3-Year-Old Children in Japan: Usefulness of Maternal and Child Health Information Accumulated by the Local Government

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