Factor Structure of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Spanish Sample

Abstract

The Gratitude Questionnaire is a short, self-report measure of the disposition to experience gratitude. The Gratitude Questionnaire has been validated in several countries but its factor structure remains controversial. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Gratitude Questionnaire in a Spanish sample. Two samples were recruited (957 and 920 participants). The confirmatory factor analyses showed that the best fit was the five-item model with errors of item four and five correlated (CFI = .99, NFI = .99, RMSEA = .02). This model demonstrated partial cross-validity based on an analysis of factorial invariance. The Composite Reliability of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire was .81. In addition, it was found that gratitude was positively related to subjective and psychological well-being. Specifically, the Gratitude Questionnaire was positively correlated to life satisfaction (r = .56, p < .01), affect balance (r = .46, p < .01), self-acceptance (r = .54, p < .01), positive relations (r = .44, p < .01), autonomy (r = .17, p < .01), environmental mastery (r = .49, p < .01), personal growth (r = .36, p < .01), and purpose in life (r = .50, p < .01). According to the results, it can be concluded that the Spanish version of the five-item Gratitude Questionnaire possessed better psychometric properties than the original six-item model.

Psychometrics of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 in African-Americans at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

“…Results from the exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor structure consistent with the factor structure of the original scale from McCullough et al (2002) and other psychometric studies in different countries (Jans-Beken et al, 2015;Kong et al, 2017;Magallares et al, 2018). However, the mean score on the GQ-6 in our sample was higher (ours versus theirs) than reported samples in the original study (McCullough et al, 2002).…”

“…Previous studies of the GQ-6 in China and Spain also encountered similar correlated errors. However, their errors were due to similarly worded item content (Kong et al, 2017; Magallares et al, 2018). In these samples, the error terms of items four (“I am grateful to a wide variety of people”) and five (“as I get older, I find myself better able to appreciate the people, events, and situations that have been part of my life history”) correlated.…”

“…Gratitude is defined in scientific literature as (a) an emotional response to other’s kindness, (b) a mood that focuses on what is cherished in life, or (c) a trait reflecting in a broader life’s orientation toward appreciating others (McCullough et al, 2002; Wood et al, 2010). Gratitude has emerged from the Positive Psychology Movement and provided a beneficial influence on well-being across cultures (Magallares et al, 2018). Examining these relationships is critical since it is known that an increase in negative psychological factors such as depression is a risk factor for developing CVD and positive factors such as gratitude, positive affect, and spiritual well-being are associated with better cardiovascular health (Mwendwa et al, 2013; Yaghoobzadeh et al, 2018).…”

“…The original psychometric analysis of the GQ-6 was conducted in two samples ( n = 238 and n = 156) of undergraduate psychology students and ( n = 1,228) adult volunteers and reported adequate construct validity and reliability (McCullough et al, 2002). Since the original psychometric study, the GQ-6 has been tested in different samples across the world including Chinese, Taiwanese, Filipino, Dutch, Chilean, and Spain (Chen et al, 2009; Froh et al, 2011; Jans-Beken et al, 2015; Kong et al, 2017; Langer et al, 2016; Magallares et al, 2018; Valdez et al, 2017; Zeng et al, 2017). However, no psychometric analysis has been conducted in a sample of participants of African descent.…”

Más Allá Del Papel De Los Recursos Personales Positivos en El Bienestar De Estudiantes Universitarios Españoles: ¿importa La Inteligencia Emocional?

“…El rango de respuestas se evalúa en una escala Likert de siete puntos desde 1 (Totalmente en desacuerdo) a 7 (Totalmente de acuerdo). Los participantes completaron la versión al castellano de la escala (Magallares et al, 2018). Scheier et al, 1994).…”