Factor Structure of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children with Egyptian Schoolchildren

Elwan, Fadia

doi:10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.99

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A skeptic of g could postulate that our results are a statistical artifact of the decisions we used to conduct a factor analysis. Some data sets in our study had been subjected to EFA in the past, and the results often differed from ours (Attallah et al, 2014;Bulatao & Reyes-Juan, 1968;Church, Katigbak, & Almario-Velazco, 1985;Conant et al, 1999;Dasen, 1984;Dawson, 1967b;Elwan, 1996;Guthrie, 1963;Humble & Dixon, 2017;Irvine, 1964;Kearney, 1966;Lean & Clements, 1981;McFie, 1961;Miezah, 2015;Orbell, 1981;Rasheed et al, 2017;Ruffieux et al, 2010;Sen, Jensen, Sen, & Arora, 1983;Sukhatunga et al, 2002;van en Briel et al, 2000;Warburton, 1951). In response, we wish to emphasize that we chose procedures a priori that are modern methods accepted among experts in factor analysis (e.g., Fabrigar et al, 1999;Larsen & Warne, 2010;Thompson, 2004;Warne & Larsen, 2014).…”

Section: Methodological Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Warne

Burningham

2019

Psychological Bulletin

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Spearman's g is the name for the shared variance across a set of intercorrelating cognitive tasks. For some-but not all-theorists, g is defined as general intelligence. While g is robustly observed in Western populations, it is questionable whether g is manifested in cognitive data from other cultural groups. To test whether g is a cross-cultural phenomenon, we searched for correlation matrices or data files containing cognitive variables collected from individuals in non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. We subjected these data to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using promax rotation and 2 modern methods of selecting the number of factors. Samples that produced more than 1 factor were then subjected to a second-order EFA using the same procedures and a Schmid-Leiman solution. Across 97 samples from 31 countries totaling 52,340 individuals, we found that a single factor emerged unambiguously from 71 samples (73.2%) and that 23 of the remaining 26 samples (88.5%) produced a single second-order factor. The first factor in the initial EFA explained an average of 45.9% of observed variable variance (SD ϭ 12.9%), which is similar to what is seen in Western samples. One sample that produced multiple second-order factors only did so with 1 method of selecting the number of factors in the initial EFA; the alternate method of selecting the number of factors produced a single higher-order factor. Factor extraction in a higher-order EFA was not possible in 2 samples. These results show that g appears in many cultures and is likely a universal phenomenon in humans. Public Significance StatementThis study shows that one conceptualization of intelligence-called Spearman's g-is present in over 90 samples from 31 non-Western, nonindustrialized nations. This means that intelligence is likely a universal trait in humans. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to conduct cross-cultural research on intelligence, though culturally appropriate tests are necessary for any such research.

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Section: Methodological Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Warne

Burningham

2019

Psychological Bulletin

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“…As noted in the case of other studies (Baganda et al, 2006;Boivan et al, 1996;Conant et al, 2003;Elwan, 1996), the K-ABC is a useful and theory driven assessment tool for cross cultural groups. The findings of the present research demonstrate that employing the K-ABC with a South African population is feasible and useful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The third consideration is the fact that the K-ABC has been used as a comprehensive measure of the mental abilities of children from a wide variety of socialcultural milieu. Of relevance is the fact that the K-ABC has been administered to samples of children in Uganda (Baganda et ai., 2006), Egypt (Elwan, 1996), and to a Central African group with evidence ofrobustness of the factor structure. The current study sought to extend this application further and to apply the K-ABC to a South African sample with a longitudinal application.…”

Section: Instrument and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factor Analyses of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Assessed Longitudinally at 5 and 10 Years

Jansen

Greenop

2008

South African Journal of Psychology

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The availability oftest instruments that can reflect cultural differences and environmental influences and maintain their factor structure is problematic when working in multilingual environments. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) has been considered as an assessment tool of preference for researchers working in cross cultural environments. The K-ABC, but specifically the two processing scales (Sequential and Simultaneous), has been used in a number of cross cultural studies. These scaleswere administered to 199 children living in Soweto, South Africa at the age of 5 years and again at 10 years. The children were participants in a longitudinal study in Johannesburg. Principal component analyses showed a two factor solution on both occasions which has been observed in other cross cultural studies with the K-ABC processing scales. However, changes in the factors loading were observed at both age stages. Separate factor analyses for boys (n = 97) and girls (n =102) in the group showed variation in developmental processing patterns and sUbtest loadings. Changes in children's processing styles have implications for teaching and learning. This study supports the two factor solution underlying the K-ABC scores in an African paediatric population.

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Neuropsychological Measures in the Arab World: A Systematic Review

et al. 2017

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Although Arabic is one of the most widely used languages in the world, little is known on the availability of standardized neuropsychological tests in Arabic. We review the literature published before 2016, using the keywords Arab*, cogniti*, and neuropsycholo*, as well as keywords for each Arab country. PubMed, PsycINFO, Education Source, Academic Search Complete, Education Resources Information Center, Shamaa, and Arabpsynet databases were searched, in addition to a selected number of Arabic medical and educational journals. After excluding case reports, studies conducted on Arab groups residing outside the Arab world or Israel, and studies that employed intelligence scales or cognitive screens without standardization, 384 studies were eventually reviewed. Tests with most extensive use, adaptation, validation and norming were identified. The Raven Matrices, with its variants, was the most normed cognitive test for Arab individuals (normed in 16 countries). The rate of neuropsychology publications from the Arab countries combined, per year, was less than half of that of each American journal (top 10 journals pertaining to cognition). Nonetheless, the rate in Arab countries has increased after 2010. Publications were mostly from Egypt and Saudi Arabia, but the ratio of test adaptation-to-publication was the largest in Jordan and Lebanon. Approximately half of these publications did not employ cognitive tests that were developed, translated, adapted, or standardized according to international guidelines of psychological measurement. We provide recommendations on improving clinical neuropsychology to better serve Arab patients.

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Factor Structure of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children with Egyptian Schoolchildren

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Spearman’s g found in 31 non-Western nations: Strong evidence that g is a universal phenomenon.

Factor Analyses of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Assessed Longitudinally at 5 and 10 Years

Neuropsychological Measures in the Arab World: A Systematic Review

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