FACTOREP: a new tool to explore the dimensions of depression

Welch, Garry; Ellis, Pete

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(91)90056-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To examine the internal structure of the SCI-R, we performed exploratory principal component factor analysis, examining the pattern of loadings for evidence of a large general factor that would support use of a total score. A general factor would be evident if the first mean loading was high (i.e., Ն0.30) and the standard deviation low for the first principal component and the mean loadings low and standard deviations high for the remaining principal components (38). We then conducted a forced factor analysis for three-and twoorthogonal factor solutions using Varimax (orthogonal) rotation to identify meaningful common factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Diabetes Self-Care

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -To examine psychometric properties of the Self-Care Inventory-revised (SCI-R), a self-report measure of perceived adherence to diabetes self-care recommendations, among adults with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We used three data sets of adult type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients to examine psychometric properties of the SCI-R. Principal component and factor analyses examined whether a general factor or common factors were present. Associations with measures of theoretically related concepts were examined to assess SCI-R concurrent and convergent validity. Internal reliability coefficients were calculated. Responsiveness was assessed using paired t tests, effect size, and Guyatt's statistic for type 1 patients who completed psychoeducation.RESULTS -Principal component and factor analyses identified a general factor but no consistent common factors. Internal consistency of the SCI-R was ␣ ϭ 0.87. Correlation with a measure of frequency of diabetes self-care behaviors was r ϭ 0.63, providing evidence for SCI-R concurrent validity. The SCI-R correlated with diabetes-related distress (r ϭ Ϫ0.36), self-esteem (r ϭ 0.25), self-efficacy (r ϭ 0.47), depression (r ϭ Ϫ0.22), anxiety (r ϭ Ϫ0.24), and HbA 1c (r ϭ Ϫ0.37), supporting construct validity. Responsiveness analyses showed SCI-R scores improved with diabetes psychoeducation with a medium effect size of 0.62 and a Guyatt's statistic of 0.85.CONCLUSIONS -The SCI-R is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of perceptions of adherence to recommended diabetes self-care behaviors of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 28:1346 -1352, 2005T o prevent serious morbidity and mortality, diabetes treatment requires dedication to demanding self-care behaviors in multiple domains, including food choices, physical activity, medications, glucose monitoring, and symptom management (1,2). Because no universally accepted regimens incorporating all of these domains exist for the treatment of diabetes, assessment of selfcare behaviors is extremely challenging (3,4) and remains a critical problem for clinical care and research. Although clinicians and researchers require a simple, practical method of assessing self-care behaviors, there are few easy-to-use instruments with established psychometric properties (3). Most methods to assess self-care behaviors rely on patient memory, using time-intensive interviews of behavior recall over a specific time period, typically 24 h (5) or 1 week (6), or using surveys covering the previous week (7). Another approach uses patients' reports of frequency of specific self-care behaviors (7), but such measures may not take into account differences in patients' prescriptions for diabetes care. The Self-Care Inventory (SCI) developed by La Greca and colleagues (8,9) is a self-report questionnaire assessing patients' perceptions of self-care behaviors. Self-care is defined as the daily regimen tasks that the individual performs to manage diabetes. The SCI, unlike measures that assess the frequency of self-care behaviors,...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Diabetes Self-Care

et al. 2005

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“…If there are different types of depression, then the answer is extremely complicated with separate dimensions for each type. However, as we have seen, evidence does not support there being truly discrete forms [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Ironically, evidence for a unitary dimension of depression severity actually comes from research used to support a discrete type of depression - melancholic/endogenous.…”

Section: The Dimensional Nature Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Research, however, does not clearly distinguish endogenous/melancholic and reactive/neurotic depression based on these parameters [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22], nor has research supported dysthymia (and its continuation as persistent depressive disorder in DSM-5) and minor depression as distinct forms of depression [23,24,25]. No clear differences in etiology for the various types of depression proposed have been identified that hold out over repeated studies.…”

Section: Discrete or Dimensional?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression: Discrete or Continuous?

Bowins¹

2014

Psychopathology

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Elucidating the true structure of depression is necessary if we are to advance our understanding and treatment options. Central to the issue of structure is whether depression represents discrete types or occurs on a continuum. Nature almost universally operates on the basis of continuums, whereas human perception favors discrete categories. This reality might be formalized into a ‘continuum principle': natural phenomena tend to occur on a continuum, and any instance of hypothesized discreteness requires unassailable proof. Research evidence for discrete types falls far short of this standard, with most evidence supporting a continuum. However, quantitative variation can yield qualitative differences as an emergent property, fostering the appearance of discreteness. Depression as a continuum is best characterized by duration and severity dimensions, with the latter understood in terms of depressive inhibition. In the absence of some degree of cognitive, emotional, social, and physical inhibition, depression should not be diagnosed. Combining the dimensions of duration and severity provides an optimal way to characterize the quantitative and related qualitative aspects of depression and to describe the overall degree of dysfunction. The presence of other symptom types occurs when anxiety, hypomanic/manic, psychotic, and personality continuums interface with the depression continuum.

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Styles of psychological adjustment in diabetes: A focus on key psychometric issues and the ATT39

Welch¹,

Smith²,

Walkey³

1992

J. Clin. Psychol.

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While knowledge of the biomedical factors in diabetes has grown in a steady and systematic fashion over the past 60 years, attempts to define, measure, and understand the relevant psychological constructs have only begun recently. In particular. there is need for psychometrically sound tests to tap these dimensions. This study examined the psychometric characteristics of the ATT39, a promising measure of psychological adjustment to diabetes. The results, based on three patient samples and using the FACTOREP factormatching procedure, suggested that the A n 3 9 has a large single factor only.This new subscale appears clinically to measure the integration of diabetes and its treatment into the lifestyle and personality of a patient with diabetes.

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FACTOREP: a new tool to explore the dimensions of depression

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Measuring Diabetes Self-Care

Measuring Diabetes Self-Care

Depression: Discrete or Continuous?

Styles of psychological adjustment in diabetes: A focus on key psychometric issues and the ATT39

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