“…Although several factors have been proposed as predictors of disability in MS patients, including demographic characteristics, clinical, and radiological findings, their predictive value in disability progression in individuals with RIS after their conversion to definite MS has not been examined yet. Demographic characteristics such as the male sex, obesity, smoking status, low vitamin D levels, motor or cerebellar signs at onset, a short interattack period between the first and the second relapse, early cognitive impairment, a high relapse rate in the first years of the disease, spinal cord lesions, high lesion load, and brain atrophy have all been associated with increased disability in MS patients [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Moreover, the use of specific serum biomarkers, such as neurofilament light chains (NfLs) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as disability predictors is also under investigation [ 50 , 51 ].…”