Factores que influencian las propiedades mecánicas, físicas y térmicas de materiales compuestos madero plásticos

Abstract

Resumen-Este trabajo presenta una revisión general del aprovechamiento de residuos plásticos y lignocelulósicos para la producción de Materiales Compuestos Madero Plásticos (MCMP). Los compuestos madero plásticos, o como son conocidos mundialmente, Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), son propuestos como una solución a la creciente generación de residuos. En la obtención de estos materiales, se han evaluado diferentes mezclas de matrices poliméricas (plásticos) y refuerzos vegetales (residuos lignocelulósicos), empleando tres tipos de procesos, principalmente: extrusión, inyección y moldeo por compresión. Se encontró que los cambios en las propiedades mecánicas del producto fi nal dependen del tipo de materia prima, tamaño de partícula y proporción de fi bra empleado, así como la adición de agentes ligantes. Del mismo modo, se reportan variaciones en la capacidad de absorción de agua, densifi cación y estabilidad térmica del compuesto fi nal al aumentar la cantidad de fi bra en la mezcla.

Recycling of Residual Polymers Reinforced with Natural Fibers as a Sustainable Alternative: A Review

“…Residual polymers reinforced with natural fibers exhibit appreciable physical, chemical, and mechanical properties necessary for different purposes or applications [11,87,88]. The final properties of the materials are described below depending on the type of natural fiber, the percentages of addition, the surface treatment of the fiber, and the processing of the biocomposites [6,42].…”

“…Density in reinforced polymeric materials has a directly proportional relationship with mechanical properties-the denser the material, the stronger and more durable it becomes [88]. They also allow to improve the interfacial adhesion between the polymeric matrix and the natural fibrous reinforcement [1]; positive variations in density improve the modulus of elasticity, static bending strength, and modulus of rupture for compressive strength [89].…”

“…Tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break vary positively based on the percentages of reinforced natural fiber and largely determine the tensile properties of polymeric compounds according to Azad et al [87] and Azammi et al [32]; allowing us to determine, in addition to the resistance to breakage, the structural design of the surface of the matrix [88].…”

“…Impact resistance is another of the properties that has made it possible to characterize residual polymers due to the tenacity of its structure once it has been reinforced, allowing us to gain knowledge of the axial load that the materials can support in a small segment [88]. Natural fibers have a low impact resistance, where the factors that affect the impact resistance of structures are a function of the type of fiber, particle size, adhesion, interfacial test, and matrix condition [1,90].…”

Ecoempreendedores: Estudo De Caso Em Uma Indústria De Madeira Plástica Do Sul Do Brasil

“…Paula & Silva (2016) descrevem que existe uma resistência por parte das indústrias de transformação de termoplásticos em empregar resíduos de madeiras e outras cargas naturais devido à falta de conhecimento sobres esses. Por outro lado, López & Rojas (2018) propõem que a produção de madeiras plásticas, compostas a partir de resíduos plásticos e fibras naturais, podem ser uma solução implementada para o manejo adequado destes resíduos.…”