Factorial Structure and Cross-Cultural Invariance of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in Hong Kong and Thailand

Abstract

With increasing attention on the role of parenting stress on family functioning and children’s development, one area that has been neglected is how such relations differ across cultures. Although sometimes viewed as homogeneous, Asian countries often have markedly different belief systems. Cross-cultural studies require instruments that have been validated in different socio-cultural contexts. The widely used parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) has been used in several locations. However, results regarding its factorial structure have been mixed. Furthermore, there are only a few cross-cultural comparison studies. This study examined the factorial structure of an abridged version of the PSI-SF with data from Hong Kong (N = 258) and Thailand (N = 190). The results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that, in both cultures, a three-factorial structure provides the best model fit. Furthermore, we found evidence for partial metric invariance, suggesting that the test scores can be compared directly. Tests for convergent and discriminant validity revealed that the three factors were correlated with parent general distress, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting behaviors, in both cultures. These findings suggest that the abridged PSI-SF can provide a meaningful comparison of parenting stress between Hong Kong and Thailand.

Factor structure of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form used in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

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Participatory Design for Cognitive Science: Examples From the Learning Sciences and Human−Computer Interaction

“…Community members should have a voice in how the research is designed and conducted to maximize potential benefits while mitigating risks (Kelly, 2019). Second, given that cognition is situated in “a dynamic system of people, practices, artifacts, communities, and institutional structures (Mirel, 1998),” collaboration with community members helps researchers to capture variability in cognition (Gutchess & Rajaram, 2023) and uncover implicit assumptions about participants (Henrich et al., 2010), instruments (e.g., invariance across countries; Gao & Lee, 2021), contexts (e.g., variance within a culture; Saxe, 1988), and interpretations (Barrett, 2020). Third, it generates practical knowledge and tools that are directly useful for target communities (Spinuzzi, 2005).…”

Analysis of Parenting Stress, Co-parenting Level, Family Intimacy and Adaptability on Children's Social Skills via self-attention Network

“…In the context of collectivism, in order to enhance the cohesion of the group, individuals are often required to suppress personal interests to meet the needs of the collective. Old research found that there are differences in the initiative of Chinese and Western children [5][6]. Chinese children's initiative is related to earlyformed attachment styles.…”