“…SSP is a long-term association of the firm with its suppliers that is established with an intent to leverage the operational as well as strategic capabilities of both firms for overall benefit (Faruquee et al, 2021;Qrunfleh & Tarafdar, 2013). This type of collaboration goes beyond the traditional buyer-supplier relationship and involves a long-term, mutually beneficial collaboration between a firm and its suppliers, for example, such participation at early stages in the process of designing the product presents multiple options on effective cost-saving, product designs and technology (Alshurideh et al, 2023;Siagian et al, 2021). Establishing and nurturing lasting relationships with customers is a fundamental aspect of customer relationship management (CRM) (Aripin et al, 2024).…”