Factors Affecting Development of Peroxisomes and Glycolate Metabolism among Algae of Different Evolutionary Lines of the Prasinophyceae

Kehlenbeck, P.; Goyal, Arun; Tolbert, N. E.

doi:10.1104/pp.109.4.1363

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In C. reinhardtii, catalase is found in the mitochondria (Kato et al 1997). On the other hand, in the multicellular green algae Mougeotia, Chara and Nitella (Charophyceae), which are found along the evolutionary line of higher plants, the microbodies contain enzymes attributed to the leaf peroxisomes of higher plants (Kehlenbeck et al 1995). In our previous paper, we reported that GFP proteins fused with the PTS sequences transported into the microbodies of C. ehrenbergii of Charophyceae (Shinozaki et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Visualization of microbodies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Hayashi

Shinozaki

2011

J Plant Res

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In Chlorophycean algal cells, these organelles are generally called microbodies because they lack the enzymes found in the peroxisomes of higher plants. Microbodies in some algae contain fewer enzymes than the peroxisomes of higher plants, and some unicellular green algae in Chlorophyceae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii do not possess catalase, an enzyme commonly found in peroxisomes. Thus, whether microbodies in Chlorophycean algae are similar to the peroxisomes of higher plants, and whether they use a similar transport mechanism for the peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS), remain unclear. To determine whether the PTS is present in the microbodies of Chlorophycean algae, and to visualize the microbodies in Chlamydomonas cells, we examined the sub-cellular localization of green fluorescent proteins (GFP) fused to several PTS-like sequences. We detected GFP compartments that were spherical with a diameter of 0.3-1.0 μm in transgenic Chlamydomonas. Comparative analysis of the character of GFP-compartments observed by fluorescence microscopy and that of microbodies by electron microscopy indicated that the compartments were one and the same. The result also showed that the microbodies in Chlorophycean cells have a similar transport mechanism to that of peroxisomes of higher plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Visualization of microbodies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Hayashi

Shinozaki

2011

J Plant Res

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“…; Kehlenbeck et al . ; Igamberdiev & Lea ). Recently, it was shown that photorespiratory glycolate oxidases in plants ( e.g.…”

Section: Impact Of Peroxisome Specialisation On Photorespirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kehlenbeck et al . ; Igamberdiev & Lea ). Early biochemical studies demonstrated the operation of photorespiration in the diatoms Cylindrotheca fusiformis , Nitzschia alba and Thallassiosira pseudonana (Paul & Volcani , ; Paul et al .…”

Section: Alternative Photorespiratory Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the biochemistry of the photorespiratory C2 cycle

et al. 2012

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Oxygenic photosynthesis would not be possible without photorespiration in the present day O2 -rich atmosphere. It is now generally accepted that cyanobacteria-like prokaryotes first evolved oxygenic photosynthesis, which was later conveyed via endosymbiosis into a eukaryotic host, which then gave rise to the different groups of algae and streptophytes. For photosynthetic CO2 fixation, all these organisms use RubisCO, which catalyses both the carboxylation and the oxygenation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. One of the reaction products of the oxygenase reaction, 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), represents the starting point of the photorespiratory C2 cycle, which is considered largely responsible for recapturing organic carbon via conversion to the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate, thereby detoxifying critical intermediates. Here we discuss possible scenarios for the evolution of this process toward the well-defined 2PG metabolism in extant plants. While the origin of the C2 cycle core enzymes can be clearly dated back towards the different endosymbiotic events, the evolutionary scenario that allowed the compartmentalised high flux photorespiratory cycle is uncertain, but probably occurred early during the algal radiation. The change in atmospheric CO2 /O2 ratios promoting the acquisition of different modes for inorganic carbon concentration mechanisms, as well as the evolutionary specialisation of peroxisomes, clearly had a dramatic impact on further aspects of land plant photorespiration.

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“…The suspension was centrifuged at 30,000g for 6 min at 4°C (Kehlenbeck et al 1995). The supernatant was removed and the cell pellet was frozen overnight at -20°C.…”

Section: Measurement Of Glycolic Acid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular response of light/dark-grown green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorophyceae) to exogenous adenine- and phenylurea-type cytokinins

Piotrowska

Czerpak

2009

Acta Physiol Plant

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Treatment exposed to light Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorophyceae) with adenine-(BA, Kin, Z) and phenylurea-type (DPU) cytokinins effects positively on alga viability by 1.5-to twofold increase in cell number, chlorophylls, carotenoids, monosaccharides and glycolate content as well as NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reducing enzyme activity (NADH-HPR) extensively involved in carbon metabolism. Cytokinins enhance nitrogen assimilation by stimulation of NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) aminating activity finally leading to higher protein level and its secretion as well as polypeptide accumulation in the range of molecular weight 12-195 kDa. In the dark, cytokinins mimic the regulatory effect of light upon algal cell division, metabolite content and stimulate carbon recycling for Calvin cycle reactions by enhancing of light-dependent NADH-HPR activity. The delaying of protein degradation and stimulation of their secretion to environment, triggering polypeptide accumulation and twofold higher NADH-GDH activity catalysing amino acids biosynthesis are observed in the dark-grown microalgae in response to cytokinins. Chlorella vulgaris exhibits sensitivity on cytokinins in the following order of their stimulating properties: DPU [ Z [ Kin [ BA in both light and dark conditions. Understanding of cytokinin role in lower plants under different light conditions could be a step toward the elucidation of the evolution of hormone regulation and their action at molecular level.

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Factors Affecting Development of Peroxisomes and Glycolate Metabolism among Algae of Different Evolutionary Lines of the Prasinophyceae

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Visualization of microbodies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Visualization of microbodies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Evolution of the biochemistry of the photorespiratory C2 cycle

Cellular response of light/dark-grown green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorophyceae) to exogenous adenine- and phenylurea-type cytokinins

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