Factors affecting fruit and seed production in Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)

Vallius, Elisa

doi:10.1006/bojl.2000.0355

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The observation of tradeoffs and costs can be confounded by differing levels of resource acquisition and partitioning among individuals (van Noordwijk and de Jong 1986, de Jong 1993). In many woodland herbs, resource storage may confound the observation of tradeoffs among life‐history traits, including costs of reproduction, as stored carbohydrates are often used to make up for resource shortfalls imposed by costs of reproduction and resource reserves are often directed to the growth of new sprouts (Zimmerman and Whigham 1991, Vallius 2001, Whigham 2004). Observation of tradeoffs in orchids in particular may be further confounded by mycorrhizal interactions, which provide germinating seeds, protocorms, and seedlings of orchids with all of their carbon requirements and either stop or continue to provide carbon later in life (Alexander and Hadley 1985, Taylor et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Survival costs of adult dormancy and the confounding influence of size in lady's slipper orchids, genus Cypripedium

Shefferson¹

2006

Oikos

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Shefferson, R. P. 2006. Survival costs of adult dormancy and the confounding influence of size in lady's slipper orchids, genus Cypripedium . Á Oikos 115: 253 Á262.Adult whole-plant dormancy is a phenomenon in which a perennial, herbaceous plant does not sprout for one or more years. Although previous studies have noted a cost of dormancy to survival, none have accounted for the potentially confounding influence of size variation on this relationship. I asked whether the probabilities of dormancy and survival in dormancy-prone plants vary with size, possibly creating the appearance of a life-history tradeoff between survival and dormancy. I censused sympatric populations of three lady's slipper orchid taxa, Cypripedium parviflorum , C. candidum , and C.)/ andrewsii , in an 11-year study (1994 to 2004) at Gavin Prairie, Illinois, USA. Annual dormancy and survival trends were modeled using Cormack-Jolly-Seber markrecapture analysis, while stage-specific survival and stratum-transitions (i.e. probability of transitioning among stages conditional upon survival) were modeled with multi-strata mark Árecapture analysis. Annual dormancy probabilities and transition probabilities to and from dormancy varied synchronously among taxa, while trends in survival did not. Both survival and dormancy varied with number of sprouts in the previous year, positively in the case of the former and negatively in the case of the latter. Accounting for plant size in this way eliminated any variation in survival by life-history stage, with dormant plants surviving at the same rate as nondormant plants of the same size. Transitions among stages did not vary with plant size. My results suggest common climatic cues to dormancy, and suggest caution in inferring costs of dormancy from studies in which plant size is not controlled, as such costs may be artifacts of smaller plants being more dormant-prone and less likely to survive. R. P. Shefferson (dormancy@gmail.com),

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Survival costs of adult dormancy and the confounding influence of size in lady's slipper orchids, genus Cypripedium

Shefferson¹

2006

Oikos

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“…M. violaceus ) can markedly affect the current reproduction of D. maculata . Because the dry weight of the capsule and the number of seeds it contains are strongly positively correlated in D. maculata ( Vallius 2000), we can reliably say that the heavily defoliated plants produced relatively fewer seeds than the non‐defoliated plants. Defoliation has also been found to reduce female reproductive success in other perennial species (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among the completely defoliated D. maculata plants, the carbon required for pollen production is probably taken from reserves in the underground corm. However, an additional source of carbon in D. maculata can be provided by the photosynthetic flower stalk and/or the green parts of the inflorescence ( Vallius 2000). When producing pollen, the non‐defoliated D. maculata plants are supported by current photosynthesis in leaves and other photosynthetic parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For determination of the leaf area of non‐defoliated plants, the length and width of each leaf were measured with a ruler (1 mm accuracy). The following regression formula (obtained from Vallius 2000) translating leaf length and width to leaf area was used: A = 19·85 × log (leaf length) + 19·52 × log (leaf width) − 11·30 ( n = 187, r 2 = 0·782).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of defoliation on male and female reproductive traits of a perennial orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata

Vallius

Salonen

2000

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. The effects of defoliation on male reproductive traits of plants have received little attention. We conducted two field experiments with Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó to examine the effects of defoliation on both male and female reproductive traits. We removed 0, 50 or 100% of leaves prior to flowering. The quality of pollen was tested by transferring pollen from the differently treated plants to untreated plants of the same population. 2. The non-defoliated plants did not differ from the defoliated plants in mass of pollinia. No differences were found in the weight of seed capsules or in the proportion of embryonic seeds raised by flowers receiving pollen from differently treated pollen donors. 3. The non-defoliated and partially defoliated plants produced relatively more and heavier capsules than the completely defoliated plants. 4. Defoliation decreased leaf area, corm mass and the probability of flowering in the following year.5. These results demonstrate that defoliation has no acute effects on male traits in the long-living perennial orchid D. maculata . In this respect, D. maculata differs from the two other polycarpic species studied so far. Availability of resources appeared to be insufficient to prevent negative effects of defoliation on the later-occurring and more costly female functions.

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“…The inhibition of photosynthesis has been shown to negatively affect vegetative and reproductive functions in Dactyloriza maculata (Vallius 2001). The Apennines range is believed to be particularly fragile to global change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic properties of an orchid community in central Italy

Serafini

Brilli

Pinelli

et al. 2007

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Chlorophyllous Mediterranean orchids share a habitat endangered by climate change and land use change. These orchids are characterized by two mechanisms of carbon assimilation, being autotrophic carbon fixation through photosynthesis supplemented by heterotrophic carbon fixation from mycorrhizal fungi. We investigated whether photosynthesis may sustain autotrophy of several species of orchids co-occurring in the same habitat (the understory of a chestnut forest in the Apennines range) along a vegetative season, and how photosynthesis responds to environmental parameters in the different species. Combined analysis of gas-exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical properties, chlorophylls concentration, and Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity were carried out to characterize the photosynthetic apparatus of the orchid species. Both in vivo and in vitro measurements indicated that in all orchids, in natural conditions and over the entire vegetative season (May to July), a detectable amount of carbon, typical of autotrophic shade leaves, is fixed. It is therefore suggested that these orchids are predominantly autotrophic. As an exception, however, Limodorum abortivum, a co-occurring orchid in the examined habitat, is unable to photosynthesize at rates compatible with autotrophy. At the low light intensity experienced in the understory habitat all orchids exhibited a similar quantum yield, but photosynthesis of Dactylorhiza saccifera and Cephalanthera longifolia was stimulated by light intensities higher than ambient, indicating that these species may better use sunflecks reaching the understory vegetation. Photosynthesis of all orchids, including Limodorum, positively responded to increasing CO 2 concentration and temperature. Whether this will lead to a larger photosynthetic carbon fixation because of present and future climate change needs to be assessed with long-term experiments also including the impacts of climate on mychorrizal activity and host plants.

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Factors affecting fruit and seed production in Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Survival costs of adult dormancy and the confounding influence of size in lady's slipper orchids, genus Cypripedium

Survival costs of adult dormancy and the confounding influence of size in lady's slipper orchids, genus Cypripedium

Effects of defoliation on male and female reproductive traits of a perennial orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata

Photosynthetic properties of an orchid community in central Italy

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