Factors Affecting Human-Directed Aggression Resulting in Dog Bites: Contextual Aspects of the Biting Incidents

Abstract

Using a web-based questionnaire with 29 close- and open-ended questions about 400 self-reported dog-biting incidents in Slovenia, this research investigated the contexts of dog bites, focusing on characteristics of the dogs and the descriptions of the situations to identify the main risk factors for the occurrence of dog bites. Even though it has been suggested that most dog bites occur during initially non-aggressive interactions with the dog (e.g., during petting, playing), in our study we discerned a wide variety of contexts, including those in which the person did not intend to interact with the dog. Most victims reported unprovoked bites during fast movements near the dog, while coming into close proximity, and during incidents without a reason. These incidents more likely occurred in public than private places and were associated with purebred dogs with a history of aggression.

Dogs Exhibiting High Levels of Aggressive Reactivity Show Impaired Self-Control Abilities

“…We believe that further research is needed regarding impulsivity and aggression for several reasons. First, aggressive dogs, especially those that show aggression without warning signs, can be a serious problem for many dog owners and others involved ( 64 ). Second, impulsivity is highly consistent over time ( 65 ), the ability to characterize impulsive behaviors that may lead to aggression at an early age may not only be important scientifically, but may also benefit the general population of dog owners.…”