Factors Affecting Infestations of the Stalk Borer<i>Busseola fusca</i>(Lepitoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize in the Forest Zone of Cameroon with Special Reference to Scelionid Egg Parasitoids

Ndemah, R.; Schulthess, Fritz; Korie, Sam; Borgemeister, Christian; Poehling, Hans‐Michael; Cardwell, Kitty F.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-32.1.51

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, drought stress affects nitrogen levels in the plant (Janssen 1993) which, in turn, influences survival of stemborers feeding on plant and the performance of the parasitoid (Jiang & Schulthess 2005). In general and as also shown for S. calamistis and E. saccharina in West Africa, borer densities should increase from the long to the short rainy season (Schulthess et al 1997) unless they are controlled by natural enemies as reported for B. fusca by Ndemah et al (2003). In the present study, borer densities, and especially those of indigenous borer species, were lower during the long than the short rainy seasons indicating that, as in West Africa, borer densities increase in course of the two seasons.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 87%

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects

Jiang

Zhou

Overholt

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. The spatial synchrony and the temporal auto-correlationship of the exotic stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the indigenous Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and crosscorrelationship with their indigenous and introduced larval parasitoids Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) and Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was studied using 3-year data collected in coastal Kenya. An autoregressive model was used to study the effect of climatic stochasticity or population density-dependent factors on stemborer populations. It appeared that rainfall did have a direct impact on stemborers in the south coast and an indirect one in the north coast. Spatial nonparametric correlation functions (SNCF) and cross-correlation functions (SNCCF) were applied for spatial synchrony analysis. The regional synchrony of Ch. partellus and S. calamistis decreased and that of Ch. orichalcociliellus increased after the introduction of Co. fl avipes. The positive crosscorrelation coeffi cient between stemborers and parasitoids suggests a synchrony between the pest and its natural enemy. , ont été étudiés à partir de données collectées sur trois ans dans la région côtière du Kenya. Un modèle d'auto régression a été utilisé afi n d'étudier l'effet stochastique du climat ou les facteurs dépendants de la densité de population sur les foreurs. Il est apparu que la pluie avait un impact direct au sud ou indirect au nord de la région étudiée sur les populations de foreurs. Des fonctions non-paramétriques de corrélation spatiale et croisée ont été appliquées pour l'analyse du degré de synchronie spatiale. Le degré de synchronie régionale des populations de Ch. partellus et de celles de S. calamistis a diminué alors qu'il a augmenté pour celles de Ch. orichalcociliellus après l'introduction de Co. fl avipes. Le coeffi cient positif d'auto corrélation entre les populations de foreurs et celles des parasitoïdes suggère un certain degré de synchronie entre les insectes ravageurs et leurs ennemis naturels.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 87%

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects

Jiang

Zhou

Overholt

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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“…Similarly, in western Africa, there were hardly any studies on egg parasitoids of cereal stemborers until the 90s. However, more recent studies show that egg parasitism can be considerable (regional means of 95%) and parasitism early in the season was always positively related to maize yields at harvest (Sétamou & Schulthess 1995;Schulthess et al 2001;Ndemah et al 2003). Generally, studies on the role of indigenous parasitoids in controlling pests are scarce and it can be expected that their impact is underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and yield loss in maize using selected insecticides in Mozambique

Cugala¹,

Schulthess²,

Ogol³

et al. 2006

Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.)

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Abstract. The effect of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and maize grain yields was estimated using an insecticide exclusion method. Field experiments were conducted at low, mid and high elevation zones, which vary in the stemborer species composition. Dimethoate was applied to exclude natural enemies and Cypermethrin to suppress stemborers, while other plots served as control. At all study sites more stemborer larvae and pupae were collected when natural enemies were excluded. Parasitism as well as maize grain weight in the unprotected plots were signifi cantly higher than in the exclusion plots. Yield losses increased by 28.9 % in unprotected to 43.3 % in exclusion plots. The most abundant parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). While for Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) they were C. sesamiae, Sturmiopsis parasitica (Curran) (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Porcerochasmias nigromaculatus Heinrich (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). It was concluded that exclusion of natural enemies caused an increase in stemborer populations, thus, the parasitoids play an important role in suppressing stemborer infestations and increase maize yield. Résumé. Estimation de l'impact des ennemis naturels sur l'infestation par les foreurs et les pertes de rendement du maïs au Mozambique en utilisant des insecticides.Les effets d'ennemis naturels sur des foreurs qui infestent du mais ainsi que sur le rendement de ce dernier ont été estimés par une méthode d'exclusion à l'aide d'insecticides. Les expérimentations ont été menées dans des champs à basse, moyenne et haute altitude, infestés par des espèces différentes de foreurs. Les ennemis naturels ont été éliminés à l'aide de diméthoate et de cyperméthrine. Dans tous les sites étudiés, une quantité plus importante de larves et de chrysalides a été collectée après élimination des ennemis naturels. Le parasitisme ainsi que le poids des grains de maïs ont été signifi cativement plus élevés dans les parcelles non traitées par insecticides (parcelles témoins) que dans les traitées. La perte de rendement a augmenté de 28.9 % dans les parcelles témoins et de 43.3 % dans celles traitées. Les espèces de parasitoïde de Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) les plus abondantes étaient Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), Cotesia fl avipes Cameron (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) et Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) ; alors que celles de Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) étaient C. sesamiae, Sturmiopsis parasitica (Curran) (Diptera : Tachinidae) et Porcerochasmias nigromaculatus Heinrich (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae). On en a tiré la conclusion que l'élimination des ennemis naturels des foreurs a causé une augmentation de la population de ces derniers, et par conséquent que les parasitoïdes jouent un rôle important dans la régulation des infestations de foreurs et d...

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“…Egg parasitoids can be an important source of mortality because the pest is killed before reaching the destructive stage (Temerak 1981). For instance in Benin, parasitism by the scelionids Telenomus busseola Gahan and T. isis Polaszek has been reported to reach 95%, and several studies yielded a positive relationship between egg parasitism during the vegetative stages of growth and maize yields at harvest Schulthess et al 2001;Ndemah et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg parasitoids of noctuid stemborers on maize in Kenya

Bruce

Schulthess

Mueke

et al. 2009

International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management

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The West African scelionid egg parasitoid Telenomus isis was released into Kenya in 2005 for control of the noctuid stemborer Busseola fusca. Pre-and post-release surveys were carried out between 2004 and 2006 to assess parasitism of eggs of noctuid stemborers in ecozones where B. fusca is the dominant pest, namely in the mid-altitude areas of Taveta and Kiboko, in the highlands along the Eldoret-Kitale transect, and in Wundanyi, which stretches from the mid-altitudes to the highlands. Apart from Eldoret, where surveys were carried out weekly during the cropping seasons of 2004-2005, the sites were visited once during the short and/or long rainy seasons. In addition, after release of T. isis in Wundanyi in October 2005, two post-release surveys were conducted in 2006. Busseola fusca was the dominant stemborer species at Eldoret and Wundanyi. At Taveta and Kiboko only eggs of the noctuid Sesamia calamistis were recovered. There was generally a high variation in the numbers of egg batches and eggs per batch among the sites surveyed. Most of the infested plants had one egg mass. Egg parasitism varied between 10% and 32% across the study sites. The predominant parasitoid species was the scelionid Telenomus busseolae while the trichogrammatids Trichogramma bournieri, Trichogrammatoidea nr. lutea. Trichogrammatoidea nr. cryptophlebiae and Trichogramma mwanzai were minor species. In 2006, T. isis was recovered in Wundanyi. This study showed that although egg parasitoid species diversity was higher, egg parasitism was considerably lower in Kenya than in western Africa.

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Factors Affecting Infestations of the Stalk BorerBusseola fusca(Lepitoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize in the Forest Zone of Cameroon with Special Reference to Scelionid Egg Parasitoids

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects

Assessment of the impact of natural enemies on stemborer infestations and yield loss in maize using selected insecticides in Mozambique

Egg parasitoids of noctuid stemborers on maize in Kenya

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