Factors Affecting Lagoon Storage Disinfection of Biosolids

Reimers, Robert S.; Bowman, Dwight D.; Schafer, Perry; Tata, Prakasam; Leftwich, Blair D.

doi:10.2175/193864701784993704

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…However, the chlorination treatment also resulted in poor sludge settleability as well as significant increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the effluent. Reimers et al (2001) proposed using the lagoon storage of biosolids as a viable niche in the disinfection scheme. This inactivation was a function of climate, nature of biosolids and exposure time.…”

Section: Disinfection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes

Kuo

Gallucci

2006

ChemInform

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Section: Disinfection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes

Kuo

Gallucci

2006

ChemInform

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“…The limitation of the increasing length is solubility as the carbon length increases. These by-products appear to decrease the inactivation of helminth eggs by 40 % until temperature takes over affecting the Henry Gas Law (Reimers et al, 2001). In the literature, there has been development of the peracetic acid agent, which is formed by the addition of peroxide and acetic acid together.…”

Section: Peracetic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, parasites and bacteria tended to die-off 5 times faster with an increase in solids from 4% to 24% while the viruses die-off at 2.5 times greater rates with high solids for the lagooned stored anaerobic digested biosolids from Chicago. Soils tend to inhibit the die-off of parasites and viruses by 3 to 5 times in non-tilled or lagoon-stored biosolids as shown in Table 8 (Reimers et al, 2001). The rationale for these factors is the combination of biological activity, temperature and produced biocidal agents.…”

Section: Biological Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical, Chemical and Biological Agents Impacting Disinfection in Residuals

Fitzmorris¹,

Reimers²,

Pillai³

et al. 2009

proc water environ fed

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The inactivation of pathogens in residuals can be achieved by exposure to various types of stressors -physical, chemical and biological. The physical stressors include temperature, cavitation and radioactive irradiation (gamma and beta). These processes may solublize the organics, break the cells apart, destroy DNA, and other critical subcellular structures. The most common physical parameter utilized is temperature. The chemical stressors are associated with alkaline agents (raising the pH and causing exothermic reactions), acidic agents (lowering the pH and causing exothermic reactions), oxidation and reduction agents (destroying organics and stabilization of uncharged disinfectants) and non-charged disinfectants (required to disinfect helminth eggs and bacterial spores). The influence of chemicals that can assist in disinfection by raising/lowering the pH, enhancing exothermal production of energy, oxidation or reduction reactions with the residuals and the application of non-charged disinfectants are addressed. The biological processes result in temperature increases greater than 52 o C and the production of biocidal by-products such as organic acids, aldehydes and alcohols, which act as disinfectants. The biological processing assists the disinfection processing by autothermal biological activity (increasing the temperature), reduction of the degradable organics (reducing the shielding of pathogens) and production of biocidal agents in the degradation process (fermentation or anaerobic processing). The key to these agents is to optimize their use and thereby reduce the process costs substantially. Though the causative agents responsible for disinfection may be grouped into the three categories, most treatment processes do not rely on one type only, they are a combination of the agent types. The anaerobic digestion, composting, air drying and alkaline stabilization processes are effected by at least three to four of these stressors. Currently, there is a great deal of process development in this area, but until we understand how to integrate these factors and explain how the mechanisms work, there will be a lot of skepticism by both the public and regulatory agencies.

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“…The fraction of toxic ammonia, NH3, is minor at normal operating conditions (pH 5.0-7.0), because the dominant species is NH4 + , ammonium ion. Even at low levels, NH3 produces toxic effects against pathogens, including enteric viruses [29][30][31] , pathogenic bacteria 32,33 , and pathogen inactivation in biosolids occurs within 1-3 years [59][60][61][62][63][64] . In northern climates that have greater temperature variability and can reach below freezing, pathogen inactivation can take longer 62,65,66 ; however, Class A biosolids can still be produced in these climates.…”

Section: Biosolids Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Pathogen Inactivation in Wastewater and Pharmaceutical Applications

Meingast¹

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Factors Affecting Lagoon Storage Disinfection of Biosolids

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes

Disinfection and Antimicrobial Processes

Physical, Chemical and Biological Agents Impacting Disinfection in Residuals

Mechanisms of Pathogen Inactivation in Wastewater and Pharmaceutical Applications

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