Factors Affecting Persistence in Formerly Common and Historically Rare Plants

Brigham, Christy A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09389-4_3

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…It is tempting to assume a priori that M. guttatus is a superior competitor, as it germinates earlier, occupies more space, occurs at extremely high densities and is more fecund than M. nudatus . However, careful laboratory experimentation by Brigham () failed to find deleterious effects of interspecific competition on either species. Whether their results translate into the field remains an open question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid inviability and differential submergence tolerance drive habitat segregation between two congeneric monkeyflowers

Toll

Willis

2018

Ecology

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Closely related, ecologically similar species are often separated at small geographic scales while being broadly sympatric. Both adaptation to abiotic environmental conditions and a variety of biotic interactions may determine small‐scale allopatry. In Northern California's coast range, two monkeyflower species, Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nudatus, can co‐occur within local sites but rarely overlap at fine spatial scales, even though they are often separated by less than 1 m. M. guttatus naturally grows in wetter areas and is often submerged for up to four months of the year, while M. nudatus naturally occupies drier sites. We used a combination of observational data, reciprocal transplant, and laboratory experiments to test a series of biotic and abiotic hypotheses for the observed distribution pattern. Although M. guttatus can tolerate dry hillside conditions like those in which M. nudatus occurs, M. nudatus is unable to survive submerged for more than a week, limiting its distribution from seasonal streams inundated for months and dominated by M. guttatus. While herbivores did not differentially damage species, transplants were more likely to be damaged in M. guttatus’ seep habitat and M. nudatus was less tolerant to herbivory. Individuals of each species transplanted into populations of heterospecific congeners produced large proportions (up to 80%) of inviable seeds resulting from increased hybridization rates in close sympatry. Mimulus nudatus’ inability to tolerate submergence and herbivory establishes some degree of habitat association, and then, hybrid seed inviability reduces the ability of the locally rarer species to persist within the congener's microhabitat and maintains habitat segregation. Together these data show that both environmental filtering and biotic interactions shape the fine‐scale distribution of close relatives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid inviability and differential submergence tolerance drive habitat segregation between two congeneric monkeyflowers

Toll

Willis

2018

Ecology

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“…However, certain other naturally rare species show the reduced genetic variation and high genetic differentiation that are more commonly associated with small population size and isolation in recently rare species (Coates & Hamley, 1999; Dolan et al, 1999; Matolweni et al, 2000). The data on historically rare species are sparse but indicate that a large proportion of these do not show reductions in diversity or fitness with small population size (Brigham & Thomson, 2003). As the genetic consequences of the different forms of rarity existing in nature may be very diverse, our study provides further evidence that not all rare species lack genetic variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics and breeding system ofTupistra pingbianensis(Liliaceae), a naturally rare plant endemic to SW China

Qiao

Zhang

Milne

2010

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis, a narrow endemic of southeast Yunnan, China, characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat type. Here genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical range. High levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level (P99= 96.012%; Ht= 0.302) and at the population level (P99= 51.41%; Hs= 0.224). Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected (FST= 0.2961; θII= 0.281), which corresponded to results reported for typical animal‐pollinated, mixed selfing, and outcrossing plant species. This result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination experiments. The indirect estimate of gene flow based on θII was low (Nm= 0.64). Special habitat and its life history traits might play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species. A pollination experiment also failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F1 fruit set, seed weight, and germinate rate fitness‐traits. As a naturally rare species, T. pingbianensis is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history, we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence, but not intervention to remain viable.

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“…Rare plants may be rare, in part, because they are more susceptible to interactions that decrease fitness (e.g., herbivory, competition, and lack of pollinators) than more common, widespread species (Drury, 1974; Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz, 1985; Kunin and Gaston, 1997; Brigham, 2003). In addition, rare plants may possess certain traits that predispose them to small populations and/or narrow distributions (Bevill and Louda, 1999; Lavergne et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although some researchers have attempted to tease out rare–common differences (Bevill and Louda, 1999; Murray et al, 2002; Lavergne et al, 2004; Boieiro et al, 2010a; Talve et al, 2012), our understanding of the processes that contribute to plant rarity is still limited. Ecologists attribute the lack of progress in this area to the fact that (1) rare species tend to be understudied (Kunin and Gaston, 1993; Ancheta and Heard, 2011); (2) comparative studies of congeneric rare and common species, especially comparisons of sympatric populations, are infrequent (Kunin and Gaston, 1997; Lavergne et al, 2004; Münzbergova, 2005); (3) data from different studies make generalization difficult because of differences in life history, site factors, or attributes measured (Bevill and Louda, 1999; Brigham, 2003); and (4) studies often do not examine mechanistic factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) that influence seed loss (Ancheta and Heard, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predispersal seed predation is higher in a rare species than in its widespread sympatric congeners (Astragalus, Fabaceae)

Combs

Lambert

Reichard

2013

American J of Botany

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Our results support the hypothesis that a rare plant is more susceptible to seed predators than two common, sympatric congeners. Seed predator reduction is a promising management tool to increase seed-set, recruitment, and survival of the rare species. Further studies that compare rare-common, sympatric congeners are greatly needed to broadly evaluate the hypothesis concerning rarity and susceptibility to seed predators and to inform conservation plans for rare species.

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Factors Affecting Persistence in Formerly Common and Historically Rare Plants

Cited by 9 publications

References 86 publications

Hybrid inviability and differential submergence tolerance drive habitat segregation between two congeneric monkeyflowers

Hybrid inviability and differential submergence tolerance drive habitat segregation between two congeneric monkeyflowers

Population genetics and breeding system ofTupistra pingbianensis(Liliaceae), a naturally rare plant endemic to SW China

Predispersal seed predation is higher in a rare species than in its widespread sympatric congeners (Astragalus, Fabaceae)

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