Factors affecting podophyllotoxin yield in the ex situ grown Podophyllum hexandrum, an endangered alpine native of the western Himalayas

Kushwaha, Rekha; Bhattacharya, Amita; Singh, Bikram; Singh, R. D.

doi:10.1007/s11418-011-0541-y

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This study conclusively demonstrated a positive correlation between podophyllotoxin content and an increase in the altitude (Nadeem et al, 2007). A recent study by Kushwaha et al (2011) also demonstrated the possibility of increasing podophyllotoxin yield in P. hexandrum plants when grown ex situ under polyhouse conditions of a temperate locale.…”

Section: Adaptive Response and Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 77%

Stress-Mediated Adaptive Response Leading to Genetic Diversity and Instability in Metabolite Contents of High Medicinal Value: An Overview onPodophyllum hexandrum

Gupta

Dutta

2011

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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Podophyllum hexandrum, known for its diversified clinical importance particularly for antineoplastic activity and valuable source for biological protection against high doses of radiation, has its unique position in the plant kingdom. Detailed understanding of mechanism and opportunity of chemical manipulations has amplified the scope of its bioactivity. Podophyllotoxin, the major active principle of this plant, has passed through various structural deviations with the basic aim of making the end product clinically more effective with minimal toxicity. However, over exploitation and limited growth has categorized this plant under endangered species. Depending upon the geographical variations, different species and subspecies of this plant have been explored. Morphological variations and quantitative differences in active principles are the major concern of its unstable medicinal value in whole and semifractionated preparations. The current review has addressed the issues related to the genetic diversity of P. hexandrum, extrinsic and intrinsic stresses responsible for its diversified nature, chemical modifications to enhance its multitasking bioactivity, and efforts for its cultivation and production of important metabolites to avoid collection of wild species due to its critically endangered nature.

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Section: Adaptive Response and Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 77%

Stress-Mediated Adaptive Response Leading to Genetic Diversity and Instability in Metabolite Contents of High Medicinal Value: An Overview onPodophyllum hexandrum

Gupta

Dutta

2011

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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“…Podophyllotoxin content in P. hexandrum rhizome is known to vary from 4% to 10% in reference to age, altitude, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, carbon uptake and number of leaves [49-52]. Green calli were found to have 40–50 μg/g podophyllotoxin which were used to generate cell suspension culture.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome analysis using 454 pyrosequencing of the Himalayan Mayapple, Podophyllum hexandrum

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe Himalayan or Indian Mayapple (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle) produces podophyllotoxin, which is used in the production of semisynthetic anticancer drugs. High throughput transcriptome sequences or genomic sequence data from the Indian Mayapple are essential for further understanding of the podophyllotoxin biosynthetic pathway.Results454 pyrosequencing of a P. hexandrum cell culture normalized cDNA library generated 2,667,207 raw reads and 1,503,232 high quality reads, with an average read length of 138 bp. The denovo assembly was performed by Newbler using default and optimized parameters. The optimized parameter generated 40, 380 assembled sequences, comprising 12,940 contigs and 27,440 singlets which resulted in better assembly as compared to default parameters. BLASTX analysis resulted in the annotation of 40,380 contigs/singlet using a cut-off value of ≤1E-03. High similarity to Medicago truncatula using optimized parameters and to Populus trichocarpa using default parameters was noted. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis using KEGG Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS) combined with domain analysis of the assembled transcripts revealed putative members of secondary metabolism pathways that may be involved in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis. A proposed schematic pathway for phenylpropanoids and podophyllotoxin biosynthesis was generated. Expression profiling was carried out based on fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments (FPKM). 1036 simple sequence repeats were predicted in the P. hexandrum sequences. Sixty-nine transcripts were mapped to 99 mature and precursor microRNAs from the plant microRNA database. Around 961 transcripts containing transcription factor domains were noted. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the peak accumulation of podophyllotoxin in 12-day cell suspension cultures. A comparative qRT-PCR analysis of phenylpropanoid pathway genes identified in the present data was performed to analyze their expression patterns in 12-day cell culture, callus and rhizome.ConclusionsThe present data will help the identification of the potential genes and transcription factors involved in podophyllotoxin biosynthesis in P. hexandrum. The assembled transcripts could serve as potential candidates for marker discovery and conservation, which should form the foundations for future endeavors.

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“…Currently, the natural source of podophyllotoxin is primarily derived from S. hexandrum and some other Epipodophyllaceae plants 3,14 .S. hexandrum The growth of S. hexandrum is closely associated with various ecological factors such as altitude, temperature, and rainfall 15,16 . It is typically found in remote and high-altitude regions that are characterized by cold temperatures, including Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Qinghai provinces in China 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of key gene ShOMT3 of podophyllotoxin biosynthesis pathway in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

Gao,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (S. hexandrum) is an endangered traditional Chinese medicine as abundant podophyllotoxin with powerful anticancer activity. In this study, the rootstalks of S. hexandrum from different geographical locations in China [S1 (Gansu) and S2 (Shaanxi)] were used as research materials to clone the key gene pluviatolide O-methyltransferase 3 (ShOMT3) in the podophyllotoxin biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis of the ShOMT3 gene and its encoded protein was subjected to bioinformatics analysis using various analysis software including ProtParam, Tmhmm Server 2.0, SubLoc, Signal-P 5.0, and Swiss-model. The results of the analysis revealed that the CDS region of the ShOMT3 gene is 1119 bp long, encoding 372 amino acids. The theoretical molecular weight of the ShOMT3 protein is 41.32784 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) is 5.27. The instability coefficient of the protein is 46.05, the aliphatic index is 93.58, and the grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) is 0.037, indicating that it is an unstable hydrophobic protein. The protein does not contain transmembrane domains or signal peptides, indicating that it is a non-secreted protein. Secondary structure prediction results suggests that the protein consists of alpha helices, random coils, extended strands, and beta-turns. Tertiary structure prediction results suggests that the protein functions as a monomer. In the phylogenetic tree, the ShOMT3 protein has the highest homology with Podophyllum peltatum (P. peltatum). The successful cloning and bioinformatics analysis of the ShOMT3 gene provide theoretical basis and excellent genetic resources for the molecular regulatory mechanism analysis of the podophyllotoxin biosynthetic pathway and molecular breeding in S. hexandrum.

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Factors affecting podophyllotoxin yield in the ex situ grown Podophyllum hexandrum, an endangered alpine native of the western Himalayas

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Stress-Mediated Adaptive Response Leading to Genetic Diversity and Instability in Metabolite Contents of High Medicinal Value: An Overview onPodophyllum hexandrum

Stress-Mediated Adaptive Response Leading to Genetic Diversity and Instability in Metabolite Contents of High Medicinal Value: An Overview onPodophyllum hexandrum

De novo transcriptome analysis using 454 pyrosequencing of the Himalayan Mayapple, Podophyllum hexandrum

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of key gene ShOMT3 of podophyllotoxin biosynthesis pathway in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

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