Factors affecting public transport performance due to the COVID-19 outbreak: A worldwide analysis

A study on the factors that influenced the choice of transport mode before, during, and after the first lockdown in Milan, Italy

“…Besides, shifts from shared travel mode towards using private mode and active mobility such as walking and cycling were reported that was mostly due to the negative perception of contagion and the possibility of smart working ( Braut et al, 2022 ; Li et al, 2022 ; Nikiforiadis et al, 2022 ; Nikolaidou et al, 2023 ). For instance, in some cities such as Milan and Madrid, the ridership decreased by 88 % during the pandemic ( Navarrete-Hernandez et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Recent studies demonstrate that certain travel attributes (e.g., travel distance and travel time), and individual characteristics (e.g., socio-demographics and perceptions) have contributed to the choice of transport mode during the pandemic ( Abduljabbar et al, 2022 ). It is evident that several factors such as gender, income, car ownership, travel distance, and travel purpose were significant predictors of mode choice during the pandemic ( Abdullah et al, 2020 ; Abdullah et al, 2022 ; Amin & Adah, 2022 ; Chen et al, 2022 ; Nikolaidou et al, 2023 ; Schmidt et al, 2021 ; Teixeira & Cunha, 2023 ; Zafri et al, 2022 ).…”

Changes in students’ inner-city traveling habits caused by protective measures against COVID-19 disease – example of the medium-sized university city in the Balkans

“…For example, since the pandemic outbreak, urban air quality 1 in Istanbul (Turkey) has been improved by 47% (Sahraei, 2021) similar to the air quality improvement measured in Delhi (India) (40 -50%) (Mahato et al, 2020). Regarding society, private-public arrangements in the transportation sector became disrupted by the fragile supply-demand equilibrium, affecting human activities and causing disorder in the social functioning mechanisms (Nikolaidou et al, 2023). Adopted measures regarding the type of social distancing reduced the capacity of public transportation from 47% up to 84% of predicted (Ali et al, 2020).…”

“…In the light of the events, such are slowdowns of global or national economies, disruption of international relations, natural disasters, and pandemics, effects that transportation sector has on society and the environment can be noticed more clearly. During the global crisis caused by the Coronavirus disease (COVID- 19), governments of countries and regions imposed various measures that limited travel behaviors (i.e. travel frequency, peak hour departure, trip destination, travel mode), and activities (i.e.…”

“…In the city of Bogota (Colombia), the number of passengers has been reduced by 87% while in Santander (Spain) by 93% (Aloi et al, 2020). Most of the Moovit users who said that they abandoned public transport were found in Italy and Greece (Nikolaidou et al, 2023). 1 Pollutants that in general determine air quality are: particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO).…”