Factors Affecting the Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Eyes among Young Chinese Adults

Zhou, Yifan; Zhou, Minwen; Gao, Min; Liu, Haiyun; Sun, Xiaodong

doi:10.1155/2020/7361492

Cited by 23 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“… 20 found no significant association between FAZ area and axial length in a multivariate analysis. Zhou and colleagues 12 also reported no significant association between FAZ area and axial length; they suggested that the lack of association may have been related to differences in experimental designs, compared with previous studies. Additionally, the specific range of axial length among enrolled volunteers might influence the association with FAZ area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Quantitative assessment and determinants of foveal avascular zone in healthy volunteers

et al. 2021

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Objectives To evaluate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy volunteers using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and identify factors that influence the FAZ. Methods This single-center cross-sectional study included 526 eyes of 263 healthy volunteers who underwent macular scanning by Zeiss OCTA. A linear mixed model was used to investigate the effects of systemic factors (age, sex, blood pressure, height, and weight) and ocular factors (intraocular pressure, biometric parameters, and central macular thickness) on FAZ. Results In total, 520 eyes of 262 healthy volunteers were included in the analysis. The mean volunteer age was 38.59 ± 22.03 years (range, 5–84 years); 124 volunteers were male (47.33%) and 138 volunteers were female (52.67%). The mean FAZ area was 0.30 ± 0.03 mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.31 mm2). Univariate analysis showed that FAZ area was associated with age (β = 0.0011), anterior chamber depth (β = −0.0513), and axial length (β = −0.0202). Multivariate analysis showed that FAZ area was negatively correlated with axial length (β = −0.0181). Conclusions The mean FAZ area in healthy volunteers, measured using Zeiss OCTA, was 0.30 ± 0.03 mm2. Furthermore, FAZ area was negatively associated with axial length; this relationship should be considered in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To the best of our knowledge, few studies have focused on these influencing factors. 11 , 12 In this study, we used OCTA to measure the FAZ and identify potential influencing factors from among ocular and systemic parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment and determinants of foveal avascular zone in healthy volunteers

et al. 2021

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“…[22][23][24] Our study is in line with the OCT angiography studies as macular microvasculature changes, including in FAZ areas, are known to be correlated with macular RNFL thickness. 37 However, it is still unknown whether enlargement of the FAZ precedes macular RNFL thinning, which is the main mechanism of the association between cognitive decline and macular retinal changes in the microvasculature and neural structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Retinal Layer Thickness and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCERetinal layer thickness is hypothesized to be related to cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). However, longitudinal cohort studies of the healthy older population are scarce.OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between retinal layer thickness and cognitive impairment and future cognitive decline in a community-based population cohort.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 430 randomly sampled community-dwelling Korean individuals 60 years or older participated in the baseline assessment (mean [SD], 76.3 [6.6] years) 215 of whom completed a mean (SD) of 5.4 (0.6) years (range, 4.1-6.2 years) of follow-up. Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, the study team assessed the thickness of 6 retinal layers in the macular region, the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFLs), and the subfoveal choroid at baseline. EXPOSURES Age, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, and apolipoprotein E4 gene status.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Retinal layer thickness and cognitive function test scores were analyzed. RESULTSThis study included 430 participants (female, 208 [48.6%]). Baseline macular RNFL thickness was associated with baseline Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) score (coefficient [β] = 0.077; 95% CI, 0.054-0.100; P = .04 for total macular area) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (coefficient [β] = 0.082; 95% CI, 0.063-0.101; P = .03 for total macular area). A thinner baseline total macular RNFL thickness (lowest quartile, <231 μm) was associated with a larger decline in the CERAD and MMSE scores during the follow-up period (P = .003 and P = .01, respectively). Furthermore, participants with baseline total macular RNFL thickness below the lowest quartile cutoff value presented a greater decline in cognitive scores and a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease than those with RNFL thickness above the lowest quartile cutoff value. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study, macular RNFL thickness could be used as a prognostic biomarker of long-term cognitive decline in adults 60 years or older. However, to confirm these results, further large-scale population-based studies should be performed.

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“… 26 – 28 Myopes had lower superficial and deep vessel/perfusion density and higher vascular resistance index than emmetropes in a number of previous studies. 19 , 20 , 22 , 26 – 36 However, the role of these factors in diurnal variation of OCT-A indexes over 24 hours is not known.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Indexes Over 24 Hours

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Alonso‐Caneiro

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et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To evaluate changes in the retinal microvasculature of young adults over 24 hours using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods Participants (n = 44, mean age 23.2 ± 4.1 years, 24 myopes and 20 nonmyopes) with normal ophthalmological findings were recruited. Two macular OCT-A and OCT scans, systemic blood pressure, intraocular pressure (IOP), and biometry measurements were taken every four hours over 24 hours. Superficial and deep retinal layer en face images were analyzed to extract magnification-corrected vascular indexes using image analysis including foveal avascular zone metrics, vessel density, and perfusion density for the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal zones. Results Significant diurnal variations ( P < 0.001) were observed in the vessel and perfusion density in the three superficial retinal layer regions, with acrophase between 4:30 PM and 8:30 PM. Only foveal and parafoveal regions of the deep retinal layer exhibited significant diurnal variations with acrophase between 9 AM and 3 PM. Myopes and nonmyopes had different acrophases but not amplitudes in the parafoveal perfusion density of superficial retinal layer ( P = 0.039). Significant correlations were observed between diurnal amplitudes or acrophases of superficial retinal layer indexes and systemic pulse pressure, IOP, axial length and retinal thickness. Conclusions This study shows, for the first time, that significant diurnal variation exists in OCT-A indexes of macular superficial and deep retinal layer over 24 hours and were related to variations in various ocular and systemic measurements. Myopes and nonmyopes showed differences in the timing but not in amplitude of the superficial retinal layer parafoveal perfusion density variations but not in deep retinal layer.

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Factors Affecting the Foveal Avascular Zone Area in Healthy Eyes among Young Chinese Adults

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Quantitative assessment and determinants of foveal avascular zone in healthy volunteers

Quantitative assessment and determinants of foveal avascular zone in healthy volunteers

Association Between Retinal Layer Thickness and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Changes in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Indexes Over 24 Hours

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