Factors Affecting the Ingestion of Fluoride Dentifrice by Children

Naccache, Herminé; Simard, P; Trahan, L.; Brodeur, Jean‐Marc; Demers, Marie-France; LaChapelle, Diane L.; Bernard, Paul‐Marie

doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02277.x

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Absolute quantities of fluoride ingested in this study were however lower than those of children in the studies of Simard et al, (3), Naccache et al, (24) and Rojas-Sanchez (25). The differences between results of the present study with that of Simard and co-workers (3) were probably due to differences in supervision during tooth brushing (nearly all children brushed their teeth by themselves as opposed to 81.7% being supervised in this study).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Past Fluoride Exposure From Ingested Toothpaste Extrapolated From Younger Siblings And Fluorosis Status

Tan

Razak

Foo³

2004

ADUM

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The aim of the study was to assess the association between past fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste and current fluorosis manifestations in 10-11 year old index subjects. Fluorosis was assessed with the Dean's Index in 1343 10-11 year old index subjects. Two hundred index subjects who had younger 4-5 year old siblings were sub sampled and fluoride exposures from ingested toothpaste in their younger siblings (proxy subjects) were determined. The values for the fluoride ingested per brushing of the proxy subjects were utilised together with past frequency of toothbrushing of index subjects to extrapolate on the past exposure of index subjects.The mean extrapolated past fluoride exposure from ingestion of toothpaste was highly variable; 671.7 ug ± 739.3 ug (sem= 56.9). It was higher in the subjects with fluorosis (697.3 ug) than in those without fluorosis (646.89 ug) but differences were not of statistical significance. This approach of extrapolation has not been reported elsewhere and need to be validated. The implications of the present methodology to estimate past fluoride exposure is discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Past Fluoride Exposure From Ingested Toothpaste Extrapolated From Younger Siblings And Fluorosis Status

Tan

Razak

Foo³

2004

ADUM

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“…In previous studies children of a comparable age swallowed 59% 13 and 14 The threshold level of fluoride ingested beyond which fluorosis may occur is not known accurately. 15 It has been suggested that children should consume no more than 0.10 mgF/kg body weight if an undesirable degree of fluorosis is to be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the present study the mean amount of toothpaste applied (0.36 g) was comparable to the 0.30 g used when parents were asked specifically to apply a pea-sized amount. 12 Other studies have reported higher values for children of a similar age ranging from 0.46 g 13 to 0.62 g. 14 In order to identify those subjects using the most toothpaste, the range of values was quoted in this paper. Some care must be taken when interpreting data based on ranges as these are particularly sensitive to the sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young children

Bentley¹,

Ellwood²,

Davies³

1999

Br Dent J

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RESEARCH oral hygieneThe aim of this study was to investigate the reported and observed brushing habits of children aged 30 months and determine the amount of fluoride retained and ingested after brushing with a fluoride toothpaste. MethodIn 1997, 50 children, aged 30 months, who were participating in a community dental health programme, were randomly selected from three districts in the North West Region of England. The homes were visited and parents were first asked about their child's brushing habits. Each child was weighed clothed, but without shoes, on household scales. Parents were then provided with a new, childsize brush (Colgate My First) and a weighed tube of toothpaste and asked to brush their child's teeth in the usual manner. Half the children used a children's toothpaste containing 400 ppm F (Colgate 0-6 Gel) and half used a family toothpaste containing 1,450 ppm F (Colgate Great Regular Flavour). The orifice of both tubes was 8 mm but that of Colgate 0-6 Gel had a star-shaped nozzle. The weight of toothpaste applied per brushing was measured and the method of brushing was observed and recorded.In order to determine the amount of toothpaste and fluoride retained in the mouth after brushing, the amount of toothpaste retained on the brush and collected in rinsing fluids was measured. Care was taken to ensure that toothpaste was not retained on the lips, face and hands of subjects. If this occurred the data for the subject were to be discarded. All waste toothpaste and fluids were stored and placed in a secure container together with the toothbrush. The amount of fluoride from toothpaste remaining on the toothbrush and in the waste fluids was then determined by gas chromatography. 11 The difference between the amount of toothpaste applied to the brush and that recovered after brushing was estimated to be the amount of toothpaste ingested. Results Reported and observed toothbrushing behaviourWhen interviewed, 48 mothers reported that they always put the toothpaste on the child's brush and only two said that their child usually did so. However, five children were observed to dispense their own toothpaste.Thirty-four mothers reported that toothbrushing usually involved both the parent and child, 12 stated that they always brushed their child's teeth and four said that their child brushed their own teeth. However, it was observed that in 21 instances toothbrushing involved both parent and child, 17 parents brushed their child's teeth and 12 children brushed without help.The mothers of 17 children reported that their child spat out toothpaste, although only five were observed to do so. When observed 38 children washed the brush under a running tap and then sucked and swallowed the water from the brush. Although 15 children were reported to use a cup of water, only three did so when observed and these children then spat the water out. Spitting ability was reported by the parents to be a recent phenomenon. TwentyObjective To investigate the reported and observed brushing habits of young children and their in...

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“…Multiple tooth brushing episodes each day, probably can result in ingestion of excess fluoride, especially by children [25]. Commonly, it is recommended that tooth brushing should be done twice daily, at least to maintain good oral health and also we should not ignore the fact that effectiveness of tooth brushing is much more important than frequency of tooth brushing Young children lack complete mastery of the swallowing reflex [21,[25][26][27] and children under the age of six years may ingest 25-65% of the dentrifice which is placed on the tooth brush [28,29]. Parents should be educated regarding total fluoride ingestion and its ill effects in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%