Factors affecting the mode choice behavior before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

Influence of COVID-19 Mobility-Restricting Policies on Individual Travel Behavior in Malaysia

“…However, with prolonged lockdowns and travel restrictions, people are increasingly adapting their daily travel behavior. As reported in previous studies, drastic changes in travel behavior have been observed during COVID-19 globally [2,25,27,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. In particular, [27] predicted that the types and frequency of out-of-home activities and daily travel patterns would change remarkably.…”

“…Abdullah et al (2020) [28] reported that a significant difference was noted in the primary trip purpose between before and during COVID-19 situations, and the most frequent category of trip during the pandemic was shopping trips. Meanwhile, in another study, Abdullah et al (2021a) [40] reported that gender, car ownership, and household income were significant variables for mode choice for trips greater than 5 km in Pakistan. In addition, Jiao and Azimian (2021) [55] conducted a survey in the USA and developed binary logit models to explore the characteristics of trips by public transport during the second phase of the pandemic.…”

Choosing a package carrier during COVID-19 pandemic: An integration of pro-environmental planned behavior (PEPB) theory and service quality (SERVQUAL)

“…Recent studies have shown that the travel and car usage habits ( Beck and Hensher, 2020 ; Shakibaei et al, 2020 ), decrease in traffic trend ( Lee et al, 2020 ), and decrease in transit ridership ( Simons et al, 2021 ) during the COVID-19 pandemic are evident in several countries such as Australia, Istanbul, United States of America, and South Korea. Moreover, travel behavior and mobility pattern were also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as individuals prioritized safety and security, comfort, cleanliness, infection concerns, and use of less congested vehicles even when they had to wait and pay more during the pandemic ( Abdullah et al, 2021 ). Individuals who wish to visit, give presents, or deliver packages to family and friends are hesitant to go out as an effect of the pandemic.…”

Impact of COVID-19 on mode choice behavior: A case study for Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…Several studies have been done to find out the impact of mode choice behavior due to the COVID-19 pandemic in countries with similar socioeconomic demographics. Studies in Pakistan indicated social distancing, availability of hand sanitizers, cleanliness, comfort, and infection concerns are influencing factors when choosing a mode of traveling ( Abdullah et al, 2021a , Abdullah et al, 2022 ). Another study in a similar area indicated people tend to travel solo than travel in public transport ( Abdullah et al, 2021b ).…”