Factors affecting use and nonuse of child safety car seats in Gorgan, Iran

Tavakoli, Zobeir; Davoodi, Seyed Rasoul; Azimmohseni, Majid

doi:10.1080/15389588.2019.1634264

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Contrary to the general consensus that females are more responsible towards their children, the results of this study show that male drivers are more likely to properly restrain the child passenger, a finding that is consistent with multiple previous studies (11,13,35), although this association is not statistically significant. The white drivers are most likely to properly use the child restraint compared to its African American counterparts or drivers of other races.…”

Section: Child Restraint Usesupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Miller et al (1998) reported that more children were found unrestrained if the driver was male, young, a drinking driver, and traveling at night (34). Conversely, a few other studies indicated that male drivers are more likely to properly restrain the child in a vehicle than their female counterparts (11,13,35). Agran et al…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has also demonstrated that children between the ages of 4 and 8 years are the least likely to be protected in the appropriate restraint (7)(8)(9). There are several potential explanations for the low booster seat use rate, including a lack of knowledge of the state law and best practice regarding the benefits of child appropriate restraints compared to seatbelts alone, as well as differences in risk perception among parents (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Trends and Correlation in Child Restraint Use and Seating Position of Child Passengers in Motor Vehicles: Application of a Bivariate Probit Model

Chakraborty¹,

Mahmud²,

Gates³

2021

Preprint

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Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death and injury for children under 8 years. While different states are showing increases in the proportion of child restraint device use, only around half of the children aged between 4 to 7 years are being properly restrained. This study was undertaken to identify the factors contributing to the proper child restraint use and child passenger’s seating position through the direct observation surveys of more than 10,000 child passengers in 2015 and 2018 in Michigan. A bivariate probit model was developed to simultaneously identify the contributing factors for the proper restraint use and seating position of child passengers. The bivariate framework is able to account for correlation of the two dependent variables in the study. The results show that the two dependent variables are positively correlated, and this correlation is strongly significant. Also, the key factors simultaneously influencing proper child restraint use and appropriate seating position of the child passenger include the age of the child, number of the child passengers in the vehicle, driver belt use, driver gender, age, and race, vehicle type, stratum, weather, and the time of the day and week. However, factors such as county-specific population, income, and education, and the type of location did not have a significant association with either child restraint use or the seating position of the child passenger.

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Section: Child Restraint Usesupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Trends and Correlation in Child Restraint Use and Seating Position of Child Passengers in Motor Vehicles: Application of a Bivariate Probit Model

Chakraborty¹,

Mahmud²,

Gates³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relatively low proportion of parents/carers who admitted to not always using a car seat despite owning one (36%) demonstrates that although parents/carers are aware of the need to use a restraint, there is a perception that there are certain circumstances where it is acceptable to not use one (e.g., on short trips, if the child does not like it, or if an adult was able to hold a child on their lap). These findings of inconsistent use are highlighted in other studies and suggest the need for targeted education interventions for such populations [41,42]. Utilising platforms such as well baby clinics, maternity wards, early learning centers to increase the general awareness of risks and debunking of certain myths surrounding CRS use would be beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Affordability and Availability of Child Restraints in an Under-Served Population in South Africa

Puvanachandra

Janmohammed

Mtambeka

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Child road traffic injuries are a major global public health problem and the issue is particularly burdensome in middle-income countries such as South Africa where injury death rates are 41 per 100,000 for under 5′s and 24.5 per 100,000 for 5–14-year-old. Despite their known effectiveness in reducing injuries amongst children, the rates of use of child restraint systems (CRS) remains low in South Africa. Little is known about barriers to child restraint use especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We carried out observation studies and parent/carer surveys in 7 suburbs of Cape Town over a three month period to assess usage rates and explore the knowledge and perceptions of parents towards child restraint legislation, ownership and cost; Results: Only 7.8% of child passengers were observed to be properly restrained in a CRS with driver seatbelt use and single child occupancy being associated with higher child restraint use. 92% of survey respondents claimed to have knowledge of current child restraint legislation, however, only 32% of those parents/carers were able to correctly identify the age requirements and penalty. Reasons given for not owning a child seat included high cost and the belief that seatbelts were a suitable alternative. Conclusions: These findings indicate the need for a tighter legislation with an increased fine paired with enhanced enforcement of both adult seatbelt and child restraint use. The provision of low-cost/subsidised CRS or borrowing schemes and targeted social marketing through online fora, well baby clinics, early learning centres would be beneficial in increasing ownership and use of CRS.

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“…In the previous literature, the focus has been on studies that use age and size-appropriate child safety seats to prevent child crash injuries and deaths [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], pediatric research on child safety seats [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] and the prevalence of their use in specific areas [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Smart Improvements to Child Restraints Increase Their Popularity?

Jiang

Zhao

Lin³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In developing countries, child safety seat use remains low, which contributes to the consistently high rate of child injuries and deaths in traffic accidents. In order to protect the safety of child passengers, it is necessary to improve the public acceptance of child restraints. We improved the shortcomings of the traditional child restraints by adding some new features: 1, tightening Isofix automatically; 2, using temperature sensing, a high-temperature alarm, automatic ventilation, and cooling; 3, using pressure sensing, if the child is left alone it will set off the car alarm; 4, voice control to adjust the angle of the backrest; 5, the seat can be folded into the trunk. These functions make human-computer interaction more humane. The authors collected changes in parental acceptance of child restraints using the interview method and questionnaires. We found that acceptance increased significantly after making intelligent improvements to the child restraints. The authors used the Technology Acceptance Model to identify the key caveats influencing users’ use of intelligent child restraints. Performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence, convenience, and hedonic motivation positively and significantly impacted the willingness to use intelligent child restraints, so the authors suggest that these points should be emphasized when promoting the product. The current study findings have theoretical and practical implications for smart child restraint designers, manufacturers, sellers, and government agencies. To better understand and promote child restraint, researchers and marketers can analyze how people accept child restraint based on our research model.

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Factors affecting use and nonuse of child safety car seats in Gorgan, Iran

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Analysis of Trends and Correlation in Child Restraint Use and Seating Position of Child Passengers in Motor Vehicles: Application of a Bivariate Probit Model

Analysis of Trends and Correlation in Child Restraint Use and Seating Position of Child Passengers in Motor Vehicles: Application of a Bivariate Probit Model

Affordability and Availability of Child Restraints in an Under-Served Population in South Africa

Will Smart Improvements to Child Restraints Increase Their Popularity?

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