Factors associated to infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ester, Pablo Viguera; Torres, A. Martínez; Freire, Jose; Hernandez, Valentin; Gil, Á.

doi:10.4081/jphia.2011.e27

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Infant mortality rate: The infant mortality rate (IMR) measures the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births and is a crude indicator of development and socio-economic status levels in a community 54 . Note that IMR is included entirely as a proxy for one axis of poverty 55 : if IMR is strongly predictive of elephant poaching rates we would not interpret this as suggesting that healthcare interventions alone would be expected to impact poaching rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African elephant poaching rates correlate with local poverty, national corruption and global ivory price

et al. 2019

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Poaching is contributing to rapid declines in elephant populations across Africa. Following high-profile changes in the political environment, the overall number of illegally killed elephants in Africa seems to be falling, but to evaluate potential conservation interventions we must understand the processes driving poaching rates at local and global scales. Here we show that annual poaching rates in 53 sites strongly correlate with proxies of ivory demand in the main Chinese markets, whereas between-country and between-site variation is strongly associated with indicators of corruption and poverty. Our analysis reveals a recent decline in annual poaching mortality rate from an estimated peak of over 10% in 2011 to <4% in 2017. Based on these findings, we suggest that continued investment in law enforcement could further reduce poaching, but is unlikely to succeed without action that simultaneously reduces ivory demand and tackles corruption and poverty.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African elephant poaching rates correlate with local poverty, national corruption and global ivory price

et al. 2019

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“…Child mortality remains prevalent in SSA region (Burke et al 2016;Ester et al 2011;Kazembe et al 2012). Population surveillance of child mortality is of a great interest to stakeholders in health system, and a key indicator of health and socioeconomic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household factors associated with infant and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa countries

Ekholuenetale

Wegbom

Tudeme

et al. 2020

ICEP

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Background: Child mortality has become a prominent public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The mortality rates can in part be translated to how communities meet the health needs of children and address key household and environmental risk factors. Though discussions on the trends and magnitude of child mortality continue as to strategize for a lasting solution, large gap exists specifically in family characteristics associated with child death. Moreover, household dynamics of child mortality in SSA is under researched despite the fact that mortality rates remain high. This study aimed to examine the influence of household structure on child mortality in SSA. Methods: Secondary data from birth histories in recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in 35 SSA countries were used in this study. The total sample data of children born in the 5 years prior to the surveys were 384,747 births between 2008 and 2017. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted to model infant and under-five mortality. The measure of association was hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical test was conducted at p < 0.05 level of significance. Results: Total infant mortality rates were highest in Sierra Leone (92 deaths per 1000 live births), Chad (72 deaths per 1000 live births) and Nigeria (69 deaths per 1000 live births), respectively. Furthermore, total rates of under-five mortality across 35 SSA countries were highest in Cameroon (184 deaths per 1000 live births), Sierra Leone (156 deaths per 1000 live births) and Chad (133 deaths per 1000 live births). The risk of infant mortality was higher in households of polygyny, compared with households of monogyny (HR = 1.23; CI 1.16, 1.29). Households with large number of children (3-5 and ≥ 6) had higher risk of infant mortality, compared with those with 1-2 number of children. Infants from mothers with history of multiple union had 16% increase in the risk of infant mortality, compared with those from mothers from only one union (HR = 1.16; CI 1.09, 1.24). Furthermore, under-five from female household headship had 10% significant reduction in the risk of mortality, compared with those from male household headship (HR = 0.90; CI 0.84, 0.96). The risk of under-five mortality was higher in households of polygyny, compared with monogyny (HR = 1.33; CI 1.28, 1.38). Households with large number of children (3-5 and ≥ 6) had higher risk of under-five mortality, compared with those with 1-2 number of children ever born. Under-five

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“…In the early 1950s, researchers considered polio as a public health problem that affected mainly affluent nations with low infant mortality. Conversely, surveillance data were indicating that countries with high infant mortality, like most of Africa, had a lower incidence of polio, which was counter intuitive because of the strong correlation between high infant mortality and polio risk factors 5 , 6 . The erroneous belief could have been caused by the under-reporting of cases of polio in countries with high infant mortality rates due to non-standardized surveillance systems for polio 6 , 7 .…”

Section: Africa’s Journey To Polio Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the elimination of poliomyelitis in Africa

2021

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In August 2020, Africa was declared free of poliomyelitis (polio), bringing to fruition a goal that took more than 30 years to achieve. This Perspective chronicles global, continental, national and community actions taken by diverse stakeholders that finally led to the elimination of transmission of wild poliovirus in Africa. The cascade of events started with the development of polio vaccines and the realization that polio, much like smallpox, could be eradicated. After a 1988 pledge by the World Health Assembly to eradicate polio globally, concerted and deliberate efforts were made in Africa to achieve this goal. This included the use of evidence-based approaches for the harmonization and standardization of public health strategies, using a network of polio laboratories and emergency operation centres and actively pursuing underserved populations. Innovative solutions to counter challenges such as conflict and vaccine hesitancy may be of use in future public health interventions.

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Factors associated to infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

African elephant poaching rates correlate with local poverty, national corruption and global ivory price

African elephant poaching rates correlate with local poverty, national corruption and global ivory price

Household factors associated with infant and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa countries

Lessons from the elimination of poliomyelitis in Africa

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