Factors Associated With Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Reviews

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a frequent pathology, with a poor prognosis, for which no curative treatment is available in 2018. AD prevention is an important issue, and is an important research topic. In this manuscript, we have synthesized the literature reviews and meta-analyses relating to modifiable risk factors associated with AD. Smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, physical inactivity, depression, head trauma, heart failure, bleeding and ischemic strokes, sleep apnea syndrome appeared to be associated with an increased risk of AD. In addition to these well-known associations, we highlight here the existence of associated factors less described: hyperhomocysteinemia, hearing loss, essential tremor, occupational exposure to magnetic fields. On the contrary, some oral antidiabetic drugs, education and intellectual activity, a Mediterranean-type diet or using Healthy Diet Indicator, consumption of unsaturated fatty acids seemed to have a protective effect. Better knowledge of risk factors for AD allows for better identification of patients at risk. This may contribute to the emergence of prevention policies to delay or prevent the onset of AD.

The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID‐19: The need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning

“…Likewise, typical risk factors for stroke increase the odds of dementia including coronary heart disease and carotid stenosis, 145 as well as atrial fibrillation, 146 stage 1 midlife hypertension, 147 and hyperhomocysteinemia. 148 Furthermore, MRI features of cerebral small vessel disease, ie, white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, microbleeds, perivascular spaces, and cerebral atrophy were additively associated with dementia and cognitive decline. [149][150][151] Therefore, it seems likely to expect that COVID-19-related cardiovascular and F I G U R E 1 Consortium participants.…”

The Beneficial Role of Natural Endocrine Disruptors: Phytoestrogens in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Introduction. Nowadays, dementia is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide and is believed to reach up to 115 million by 2050 [1]. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which accounts for up to 70% of dementias [2].…”

Early functional and cognitive declines measured by auditory evoked cortical potentials in Alzheimer’s disease mice

“…7B&E). Previous studies in AD patients demonstrated that AD pathology including Aβ plaques, tau protein aggregation, and neural degeneration existed in the human brainstem and auditory cortex in old AD patients (Ohm and Braak, 1989;Sinha et al, 1993;Baloyannis et al, 2007Baloyannis et al, , 2009. Our result is consistent with these previous reports and provide further morphological evidence that AD could occur in the auditory system at the early stage.…”

“…Recently, increasing evidence suggests that defects in sensory systems, including the olfactory, visual, and auditory systems, are highly associated with AD progressing (Murphy, 2019; Rochoy et al, 2019). AD pathology could appear in sensory associated areas before appearing in regions involving memory, such as the entorhinal and hippocampal areas (Gates et al, 2002; Murphy, 2019).…”