Factors associated with anti-retroviral therapy adherence among patients living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Suryana, Ketut; Suharsono, Hamong; Indrayani, Agung Wiwiek; Ariani, Luh Nyoman Arya Wisma; Putra, Wayan Wahyu Semara; Yaniswari, Ni Made Dwita

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824062

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In this study, a quarter of patients were recently diagnosed (< 1 year), emphasizing the importance of maintaining diagnostic and care activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence to ART and undetectability rates were similar to those reported in other Latin American countries such as Peru [ 42 ], Brazil [ 30 , 43 ], Argentina [ 44 ], and globally during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 41 , 43 , 45 ]. Despite WHO recommendations for continuity of HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 46 ], care and treatment have faced challenges worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela

Forero-Peña,

Carrión-Nessi,

Forero-Peña

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. Results A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31–55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. Conclusion This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela

Forero-Peña,

Carrión-Nessi,

Forero-Peña

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Brazil [30,43], Argentina [44], and globally during the COVID-19 pandemic [43,45,46]. Despite WHO recommendations for continuity of HIV services during the pandemic [47], care and treatment have faced challenges worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the pandemic and the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on people living with HIV: a single-center cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela

Forero-Peña,

Carrión-Nessi,

Forero-Peña

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including HIV testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. Results A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 years (IQR 24), and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%; n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. Conclusion This study found that the pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART. However, it documented a high rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas.

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“…The pandemic disrupted HIV care [24,47] through lockdowns, physical distancing and isolation restrictions measures that were enforced. COVID-19 restrictions also caused fear and anxiety symptoms in patients resulting in low ART adherence [47][48][49].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to ART adherence among ART non-adherence people living with HIV in Cameroon: A qualitative phenomenological study

Buh,

Deonandan,

Gomes

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) needs to be taken for life with near perfect levels of adherence for it to be effective. Nonetheless, ART non-adherence is still observed in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries such as Cameroon. The objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing non-adherence and or adherence among people living with HIV (PLWH) who have experienced non-adherence to ART in Cameroon. Methods A descriptive qualitative study of PLWH who have experienced non-adherence with ART in Cameroon was conducted. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed using the NVIVO 12 software. Results In total, 43 participants participated in this study. The Southwest and Littoral regions each contributed 15 (34.88%) of participants, participants’ mean age was 37.1 years (SD: 9.81) and majority 34 (82.93%) were females. ART adherence barriers include those related to patient (forgetfulness, business with other things, unwillingness to swallow drugs daily), medication (side effects), health service (arrogance of caregivers, occasional drug shortages at treatment centre, poor counseling of patient), stigma (fear of status disclosure), use of alternative treatment (traditional medicine, prayers and deliverance), resource limitation (limited food, limited finances), environmental/social (limited or no home support), and political instability (disruption of free circulation by ghost towns, roadblocks and gunshots in some regions). ART adherence facilitators include social support (family and peer support), aligning treatment with patient’s daily routines (align ART with schedule of family members), use of reminders (phone alarm, sound of church bell), health sector/caregiver support (messages to patient, financial support, proper counseling), and patient’s awareness of HIV status/ART knowledge (awareness of HIV positive status, Knowledge of ART benefits). Conclusion ART adherence barriers in Cameroon include those related to patient, medication, health service, stigma, use of alternative treatment, resource limitation, environmental/social, and political instability. ART adherence facilitators include social support, aligning treatment with patient’s daily routines, use of reminders, health sector/caregiver support, and patient’s awareness of HIV status/ART knowledge. Given these barriers and facilitators, continuous information provision and consistent support both from patients’ families and caregivers are needed to improve adherence among patients. Further studies including many regions and larger samples using both in-depth and focused group discussions as well as quantitative approaches are required to uncover the burden related to ART non-adherence.

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Factors associated with anti-retroviral therapy adherence among patients living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela

The impact of the pandemic and the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on people living with HIV: a single-center cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela

Barriers and facilitators to ART adherence among ART non-adherence people living with HIV in Cameroon: A qualitative phenomenological study

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