Factors Associated With Attainment of Specialty Board Qualifications and Doctor of Medical Science Degrees Among Japanese Female Doctors

Chatani, Yuki; Nomura, Kyoko; Ishiguro, Aya; Jagsi, Reshma

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001260

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, female mentors or colleagues seemed to adapt themselves to the male-dominated structure. As female physician-scientists, especially in the senior generation, are a minority in Japan [ 48 ], mentoring relationships between male mentors and female mentees are common. Previous research in Japan has identified that female mentees seek mentoring in career development based on the understanding of women’s lives with non-hierarchical relationships, whereas male mentees expect paternalistic mentoring [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of national culture on mentoring relationship: a qualitative study of Japanese physician-scientists

et al. 2021

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Background Nurturing of physician-scientists is an important mission of academic medical institutes. Although the importance of mentorship in developing future physician-scientists internationally is well established, not much information is available about how they are mentored and how national cultures influence the mentoring relationship. This study explores the cultural characteristics of mentoring relationships between senior mentors and junior mentees of Japanese physician-scientists. Method A qualitative approach has been employed to explore mentoring relationships of Japanese physician-scientists from cultural viewpoints, through semi-structured interviews with 17 mentees who had the experience of working overseas as post-doctoral research fellow. The reflection of their experiences and the perception of mentoring relationships before going abroad were thematically analyzed by applying Hofstede’s model of six cultural dimensions as a theoretical framework. Results Twelve characteristic themes for mentoring were observed, including trustworthy dependency on mentor, embracing paternalistic mentoring, mentee’s initiative within expectations of mentor based on power distance, a sense of loyalty to mentor/organization/colleagues, family-like relationship with mentor based on collectivism, sense of security on being led by mentor through uncertainty avoidance, motivation by role modeling for the competitive academic world, and adaption of female mentee/mentor to a male-dominated academic structure based on masculinity, a long-term relationship between mentor and mentee, receiving advice for organizational continuity based on long-term orientation, putting work before leisure, and friendly relationship between mentor and mentee outside of work based on indulgence. Conclusions This study identified the characteristic mentoring relationships of postgraduate mentees of Japanese physician-scientists. Considering the importance of mentoring for physician-scientists in a globalized society, understanding the characteristics of national cultures would help in ensuring culture-sensitive mentoring and would contribute to the development of academic medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of national culture on mentoring relationship: a qualitative study of Japanese physician-scientists

et al. 2021

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“…The number of female anesthesiologists is increasing, with women accounting for over 40% of the members of the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists (JSA) from 2021 onward. The role of women in advancing anesthesiology is becoming increasingly important; however, female doctors tend to face difficulties in securing leadership positions [ 1 , 2 ]. A previous report showed that women constituted only 2.6% of full-time professors across 80 Japanese medical schools in 2013 [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Authorship by gender in anesthesiology journals: a retrospective cross-sectional study for Japan

et al. 2023

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Purpose Although it is important to recognize gender disparities in publishing to achieve gender diversity, women's authorship in Japan remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the percentage and analyze the trends of articles authored and published in anesthesiology journals by Japanese female authors. Methods The genders of the first and last authors affiliated with Japanese institutions were surveyed in the Journal of Anesthesia ( JA ) (1990, 1995, and 2000–2022) and 11 international anesthesiology journals (2010–2022). Results We included 845 and 819 original research articles from JA in the analyses of the first and last authors, respectively. The proportion of female first authors significantly increased from 41 (11.7%) out of 351 before 2009 to 119 (24.1%) out of 494 after 2010 ( p < 0.001). The proportion of female last authors was 11 (3.3%) out of 335 before 2009 and 22 (4.5%) out of 484 after 2010, respectively, with no significant difference ( p = 0.470). We included 624 and 572 original research articles from international anesthesiology journals in the analyses of first and last authors, respectively. Among these, there were 134 (21.5%) and 23 (4.0%) female first and last authors, respectively. These proportions in international anesthesiology journals did not significantly differ from those in JA ( p = 0.334, p = 0.789, respectively). Conclusion The percentage of female first authors has increased, commensurate with the percentage of female anesthesiologists. However, the percentage of female last authors has not increased and remains low in Japan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00540-023-03165-9.

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“…3 Previous studies have identified that physician, resident and medical student mothers face unique and important challenges, including structural barriers, higher rates of work-family conflict and discrimination. [4][5][6][7][8] Support for mothers in medicine is considered an important area for intervention to reduce the 'leaky pipeline' phenomenon that prevents advancement of women in academia and attainment of leadership roles. 9 Despite legal protections in many countries that require workplaces to support breast feeding, women physicians have lower rates of meeting their breastfeeding duration goals compared with women in other fields 10 and consistently report important systems-level barriers to breastfeeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of breast feeding at work for physicians, residents and medical students: a scoping review

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo review and summarise the available literature regarding breastfeeding experiences of medical students, residents and physicians.Eligibility criteriaArticles of any design, including non-peer reviewed data that examine the experiences of breast feeding of medical students, residents and staff physicians.Information sourcesOvid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science.Risk of biasAll peer-reviewed studies underwent risk-of-bias assessment using relevant tools, depending on the study design.Included studiesWe included 71 citations; 51 surveys, 3 narrative descriptions, 9 editorials or letters to the editor, and 3 reviews.Synthesis of resultsIncluded articles were heterogeneous with respect to their study design, target population and outcomes reported. Most articles had a high risk of bias. Only five articles reported the impact of an intervention.Description of effectDespite heterogeneity, the majority of articles described important barriers to breast feeding for physicians, residents and medical students. These barriers were similar across studies, and included inadequate and inaccessible space, time constraints and inflexible scheduling, and lack of colleague support. The consequences of these barriers included low milk supply and early discontinuation of breast feeding.Strengths and limitations of evidenceDue to the observed heterogeneity of articles identified in this review, we are unable to assess trends in barriers or duration of breastfeeding over time.InterpretationInterventions to overcome systemic and cultural barriers to breast feeding are needed to meet legal obligations of workplaces for physicians and trainees. These interventions should be formally evaluated using implementation science or quality improvement methods.

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Factors Associated With Attainment of Specialty Board Qualifications and Doctor of Medical Science Degrees Among Japanese Female Doctors

Abstract: Earlier age and job resignation at the time of first childbirth among physician-mothers in Japan were associated with failure to attain specialty board qualifications and DMSc degrees, with important implications for future career advancement.

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of national culture on mentoring relationship: a qualitative study of Japanese physician-scientists

Influence of national culture on mentoring relationship: a qualitative study of Japanese physician-scientists

Authorship by gender in anesthesiology journals: a retrospective cross-sectional study for Japan

Experiences of breast feeding at work for physicians, residents and medical students: a scoping review

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