Factors associated with child protection recurrence in Australia

Jenkins, Brian Q.; Tilbury, Clare; Hayes, Hennessey; Mazerolle, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.002

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The inconsistencies may be explained by variation in study design features (e.g., cross-sectional vs. longitudinal, prospective vs. retrospective), length of follow-up periods, the age range of abusive experiences, and how age at abuse is conceptualized (e.g., age at first or final incident, or an “index” incident, as is the case in this study). Our results suggest that individuals sexually abused before the age of 12 were at greater risk of sexual assault revictimization and violence revictimization, consistent with recent longitudinal work (Jenkins et al, 2018; Pittenger et al, 2018). Interestingly, our previous research involving a subset of the current sample found that an older age at abuse (12–16 years) predicted more frequent and chronic patterns of interpersonal revictimization over time (Papalia et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…For example, while female CSA victims appear to be at greater risk of sexual revictimization than male victims, there is some evidence to suggest that the magnitude of the relationship between CSA and sexual revictimization is stronger among males (c.f., Desai et al, 2002; Elliott et al, 2004; Matta Oshima et al, 2014; Nelson et al, 2002; Pittenger et al, 2018; Werner et al, 2016). Some studies have found that individuals experiencing sexual revictimization report being younger at the time of their initial sexual abuse compared to individuals not revictimized (Casey & Nurius, 2005; Jenkins et al, 2018; Pittenger et al, 2018). Others have shown that CSA occurring during adolescence is associated with increased risk of revictimization (Humphrey & White, 2000; Palusci & Ilardi, 2019; Siegel & Williams, 2003), and others still have found no effect of age (Jankowski et al, 2002; Maker et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Sexual Abuse and Risk of Revictimization: Impact of Child Demographics, Sexual Abuse Characteristics, and Psychiatric Disorders

2020

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Approximately half of child sexual abuse (CSA) victims report sexual revictimization later in life; however, there is limited rigorous evidence concerning factors contributing to sexual and nonsexual forms of revictimization. This article investigates the relationships between CSA and a range of revictimization experiences. It also examines the role of other individual-level factors (demographics, CSA characteristics, psychiatric disorders) in the risk of revictimization. The study compares data from a prospective-longitudinal study of 2,759 Australian children (<17 years old) alleged to have experienced contact–CSA between 1964 and 1995, and a comparison group matched on sex and age. In each case, CSA was deemed likely to have occurred according to expert forensic medical opinion. Abused children and comparisons were followed to age 35 years on average, and their lifetime official crime victimization histories and public mental health service records were extracted from statewide population-level administrative databases. Relative to comparisons, CSA victims experienced significantly higher rates of revictimization, with marked elevations in odds for interpersonal revictimization (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, threats of violence, and stalking). The CSA–physical assault relationship was moderated by sex, with a stronger association for female victims. Among CSA victims, victim sex, age at index abuse, and several psychiatric diagnostic categories were independently associated with revictimization risk, with different patterns of vulnerability emerging depending on the nature of revictimization. Overall, CSA victims are vulnerable to a range of revictimization experiences later in life. Findings have implications for the identification of particular groups of sexually abused children at heightened risk for revictimization and the role mental health services may play in mitigating risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Sexual Abuse and Risk of Revictimization: Impact of Child Demographics, Sexual Abuse Characteristics, and Psychiatric Disorders

2020

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“…Although marginally significant, we found that the provision of child support services reduced the risk of resubstantiation for child neglect cases ( p = 0.056). This finding is in line with findings from previous studies that reported positive effects of service provisions (Jang et al, ; Jenkins et al, ; Jonson‐Reid, Emery et al, ; Kang et al, ). However, these effects were not significant in other maltreatment cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Some studies have found that increased contact with CPS workers and the provision of child welfare services increase the risk of being rereported for child maltreatment (Bae, Solomon, & Gelles, ; Connell et al, ; Drake et al, ; Fluke et al, ; Fuller & Nieto, ). Other studies have found that receiving child welfare services decreases the risk of repeated occurrences of child maltreatment (Jang et al, ; Jenkins, Tilbury, Hayes, & Mazerolle, ; Jonson‐Reid, Emery et al, ; Kang et al, ). Thus, further investigation is needed to clarify this contradictory finding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors influencing resubstantiation of child neglect in South Korea: A comparison with other maltreatment cases

Kim

Yoo

Chin

et al. 2019

Asian Soc Wrk & Pol Rev

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While a high prevalence of child neglect cases has been reported by Child Protective Services (CPS) in Western countries, child neglect cases reported to South Korea's Child Protection Agency (CPA) present different trends than those in Western countries. Nevertheless, child neglect is an understudied area within child welfare. Thus, a need exists to investigate the unique characteristics of child neglect cases substantiated by the CPA in Korea. This study investigates the unique characteristics of child neglect cases and examines how factors associated with the resubstantiation of these cases differ from those of other maltreatment cases. Using CPA administrative data, we employed a multilevel discrete‐time hazard analysis to analyze the risk and protective factors associated with the resubstantiation of child neglect cases and compared the results with other maltreatment cases. In both cases, younger children, perpetrators with alcohol problems, families receiving welfare, and months of agency operation were associated with resubstantiation. For child neglect cases, the provision of child and parent services, and CPAs located in metropolitan area were protective factors that reduced the risk of resubstantiation. The finding in this study highlights the need to expand the provision of services to child neglect cases to prevent resubstantiation.

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“… 18 There is also evidence that children whose parents experience these forms of adversity are more likely to be subject to repeated child protection intervention. 19 20 Therefore, in this study, we examined the extent to which LA-specific prevalence of health indicators for maternal adversity prior to birth explained variation in rate of infant entry into care among LAs in England. With this work, we aim to inform national and local policy strategies to mitigate long-lasting harm to children arising from serious parental adversity and diminished capacity to parent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between health indicators of maternal adversity and the rate of infant entry to local authority care in England: a longitudinal ecological study

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveInfants enter care at varying rates across local authorities (LAs) in England, but evidence is lacking on what is driving these differences. With this ecological study, we aimed to explore the extent to which adversity indicated within women’s hospitalisation histories, predelivery, explained the rate of infant entry into care.MethodsWe used two longitudinal person-level data sets on hospitalisations and entries to care to create annual measures for 131 English LAs, between 2006/2007 and 2013/2014 (April–March). We combined these measures by LA and financial year, along with other publicly available data on LA characteristics. We used linear mixed-effects models to analyse the relationship between the outcome—LA-specific rate of infant entry into care (per 10 000 infants in the LA population) — and LA-specific percentage of live births with maternal history of adversity-related hospital admissions (ie, substance misuse, mental health problems or violence-related admissions in the 3 years before delivery), adjusted for other predictors of entry into care.ResultsRate of infant entry into care (mean: 85.16 per 10 000, SD: 41.07) and percentage of live births with maternal history of adversity-related hospital admissions (4.62%, 2.44%) varied greatly by LA. The prevalence of maternal adversity accounted for 24% of the variation in rate of entry (95% CI 14% to 35%). After adjustment, a percentage point increase in prevalence of maternal adversity—both within and between LAs—was associated with an estimated 2.56 (per 10 000) more infants entering care (1.31–3.82).ConclusionsThe prevalence of maternal adversity before birth helped to explain the variation in LA rates of infant entry into care. Preventive interventions are needed to improve maternal well-being before and during pregnancy, and potentially reduce risk of child maltreatment and therefore entries to care. Evidence on who to target and data to evaluate change require linkage between parent–child healthcare data and administrative data from children’s social care.

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Factors associated with child protection recurrence in Australia

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Child Sexual Abuse and Risk of Revictimization: Impact of Child Demographics, Sexual Abuse Characteristics, and Psychiatric Disorders

Child Sexual Abuse and Risk of Revictimization: Impact of Child Demographics, Sexual Abuse Characteristics, and Psychiatric Disorders

Factors influencing resubstantiation of child neglect in South Korea: A comparison with other maltreatment cases

Association between health indicators of maternal adversity and the rate of infant entry to local authority care in England: a longitudinal ecological study

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