Factors associated with cognitive and motor delays in Malaysian infants aged 6–12 months

Sabri, Nur Amirah Inani Binti; Gan, Wan Ying; Law, Leh Shii; Chin, Yit Siew; Shariff, Zalilah Mohd

doi:10.1080/03004430.2020.1801666

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Some of these characteristics are also associated with intellectual problems. For example, it has been stated that divorced or single mothers are more likely to have children with cognitive delay [ 66 ]; children from families with a higher socioeconomic position are more likely to do better academically [ 60 , 67 ]; and, among late and moderately preterm children, non-white ethnicity is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment [ 35 ]. Our data agreed with previous literature with respect to breastfeeding rates being lower among younger and more deprived mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study

et al. 2023

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Background While special educational needs (SEN) are increasingly recorded among schoolchildren, infant breastfeeding has been associated with reduced incidence of childhood physical and mental health problems. This study investigated relationships between infant feeding method and risk of all-cause and cause-specific SEN. Methods and findings A population cohort of schoolchildren in Scotland was constructed by linking together health (maternity, birth, and health visitor records) and education (annual school pupil census) databases. Inclusion was restricted to singleton children, born in Scotland from 2004 onwards with available breastfeeding data and who attended local authority mainstream or special schools between 2009 and 2013. Generalised estimating equation models with a binomial distribution and logit link function investigated associations between infant feeding method at 6 to 8 weeks and all-cause and cause-specific SEN, adjusting for sociodemographic and maternity factors. Of 191,745 children meeting inclusion criteria, 126,907 (66.2%) were formula-fed, 48,473 (25.3%) exclusively breastfed, and 16,365 (8.5%) mixed-fed. Overall, 23,141 (12.1%) children required SEN. Compared with formula feeding, mixed feeding and exclusive breastfeeding, respectively, were associated with decreased all-cause SEN (OR 0.90, 95% CI [0.84,0.95], p < 0.001 and 0.78, [0.75,0.82], p < 0.001), and SEN attributed to learning disabilities (0.75, [0.65,0.87], p < 0.001 and 0.66, [0.59,0.74], p < 0.001), and learning difficulties (0.85, [0.77,0.94], p = 0.001 and 0.75, [0.70,0.81], p < 0.001). Compared with formula feeding, exclusively breastfed children had less communication problems (0.81, [0.74,0.88], p = 0.001), social–emotional–behavioural difficulties (0.77, [0.70,0.84], p = 0.001), sensory impairments (0.79, [0.65,0.95], p = 0.01), physical motor disabilities (0.78, [0.66,0.91], p = 0.002), and physical health conditions (0.74, [0.63,0.87], p = 0.01). There were no significant associations for mixed-fed children (communication problems (0.94, [0.83,1.06], p = 0.312), social–emotional–behavioural difficulties (0.96, [0.85,1.09], p = 0.541), sensory impairments (1.07, [0.84,1.37], p = 0.579), physical motor disabilities (0.97, [0.78,1.19], p = 0.754), and physical health conditions (0.93, [0.74,1.16], p = 0.504)). Feeding method was not significantly associated with mental health conditions (exclusive 0.58 [0.33,1.03], p = 0.061 and mixed 0.74 [0.36,1.53], p = 0.421) or autism (exclusive 0.88 [0.77,1.01], p = 0.074 and mixed 1.01 [0.84,1.22], p = 0.903). Our study was limited since only 6- to 8-week feeding method was available precluding differentiation between never-breastfed infants and those who stopped breastfeeding before 6 weeks. Additionally, we had no data on maternal and paternal factors such as education level, IQ, employment status, race/ethnicity, or mental and physical health. Conclusions In this study, we observed that both breastfeeding and mixed feeding at 6 to 8 weeks were associated with lower risk of all-cause SEN, and SEN attributed to learning disabilities and learning difficulty. Many women struggle to exclusively breastfeed for the full 6 months recommended by WHO; however, this study provides evidence that a shorter duration of nonexclusive breastfeeding could nonetheless be beneficial with regard to the development of SEN. Our findings augment the existing evidence base concerning the advantages of breastfeeding and reinforce the importance of breastfeeding education and support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study

et al. 2023

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“…Cognitive development is a development that occurs and is not only the result of the maturity of the organism and environmental influences, but also the interaction between both (Faber, 2017;Ren et al, 2018;Sabri et al, 2022). In this view, organisms are actively in contact with the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion and sound games model for improving cognition of early childhood

Sriwidaningsih

Friskawati

2022

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The early childhood stage is a phase that holds important basic development holistically, covering affective, psychomotor, and especially cognitive domains. This development will be able to be effectively reached with an appropriate learning process in kindergartens. This study aims to reveal a relevant approach to learning using motion and sound games in improving early childhood cognitive development. The method used in this study is Research and Development (RD) from Borg and Gall, involving 124 early childhoods and kindergarten teachers in the city of Cimahi, Indonesia, selected through convenience sampling. The instruments employed are questionnaires, observation notes, interviews, and desk evaluations (expert and practitioner judgment). The data are descriptively calculated through a t-test with p0.000 in order to reveal the learning model for improving children’s cognition through motion and sound. The results of this study show that the motion and sound–based models consist of design planning, learning process, and evaluation that are able to be implemented well and can be categorized as a model that is able to develop early childhood cognition, but it still needs to be innovated and continue to be creative again in more affordable learning steps for children. Studies with the related topics are expected to relate basic potentials and social skill optimization. It is also recommended that this study contributes to the development of learning in Indonesia

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