Factors associated with dental and medical care attendance in UK resident Yemeni khat chewers: a cross sectional study

Kassim, Saba; Croucher, Ray

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-486

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A population survey of 1,500 immigrant showed that khat users demonstrated increased abnormal oral pigmentation, tooth staining, xerostomia (dry mouth) and risk of dental caries compared with nonusers (Yarom et al, 2010). Khat users who immigrated to the United Kingdom showed a 14% higher rate of symptomatic dental and medical service use (Kassim and Croucher, 2012). Xerostoma and increased cavities have not been documented with the more pure and traditional AMPHs ( d- amphetamine, l- amphetamine), but synthetic drugs such as methamphetamine are well known to result in high rate of caries, xerostomia and excessive tooth wear (Hamamoto and Rhodus, 2009; Ravenel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Health and Behavioral Properties Of Khat Cath And Amphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Lemieux

Al’Absi

2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Ethnopharmacological relevance To understand the role of khat (Catha edulis) use on the aberrations in appetite and weight which are common comorbidities for khat and other amphetamine users. Materials and methods We provide a comprehensive overview and conceptual summary of the historical cultural use of khat as a natural stimulant and describe the similarities and differences between cathinone (the main psychoactive constituent of khat) and amphetamine highlighting the limited literature on the neurophysiology of appetite and subsequent weight effects of khat. Results Animal and some human studies indicate that khat produces appetite suppression, although little is known about mechanisms of this effect. Both direct and indirect effects of khat stem from multiple factors including behavioral, chemical and neurophysiological effects on appetite and metabolism. Classic and newly identified appetite hormones have not been explored sufficiently in the study of appetite and khat use. Unique methodological challenges and opportunities are encountered when examining effects of khat and cathinone including khat-specific medical comorbidities, unique route of administration, differential patterns of behavioral effects relative to amphetamines and the nascent state of our understanding of the neurobiology of this drug. Conclusion A considerable amount of work remains in the study of the appetite effects of khat chewing and outline a program of research that could inform our understanding of this natural amphetamine’s appetite effects and help prepare health care workers for the unique health effects of this drug.

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Section: Health and Behavioral Properties Of Khat Cath And Amphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Lemieux

Al’Absi

2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…In addition several studies have revealed that regular consumption of khat seriously affects the social and economic condition of the user [ 18 – 20 ]. The daily cost of khat may affect household income to fulfill nutritious food, home improvement, education or other family needs and finally leads to financial problem and family breakdown [ 15 , 21 ]. Much time is spent on buying and chewing khat leaves, which affects working hours and time [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Psychological, Economic, and Social Impact of Khat Chewing among Adolescents and Adults in Nekemte Town, East Welega Zone, West Ethiopia

Wondemagegn

Cheme

Kibret

2017

BioMed Research International

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The main aim of this study was to assess psychological, economic, and social impact of khat chewing among adolescents, in Nekemte town, East Welega Zone. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2016 using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. A total of 359 samples were included in the study. A pretested, interviewer based structured questionnaire was employed during data collection. The study found the current prevalence of khat chewing practices was 48.6%. Perceived psychological problems especially depression and anxiety were associated with khat chewing practices. The risk of depression was about 25 times higher among khat chewers compared to nonchewers. Similarly the risk of anxiety among khat chewers was about 5 times higher compared to nonchewers. Generally current khat chewing practices in the study area are relatively high. The occurrence of reported, perceived psychological problems mainly depression and anxiety was significantly higher among khat chewers compared to nonchewers. Thus efforts like creating awareness about negative effect, making different recreation methods available, and formulating common conventions regarding khat use mainly by young generations are necessary to decrease the magnitude of chewing practices and thereby its associated consequences.

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“…Health care workers may play an important role in the promotion of tobacco control policy particularly if they are aware of the negative effects of tobacco and if they are supportive of such policies. 13 , 14 , 15 Many studies have focused on the role of physicians and to a lesser extent nurses in tobacco control advocacy often leaving out other important cadre of health workers like pharmacists. 16 , 17 , 18 Community Pharmacy is an important branch of the pharmacy profession and involves a registered pharmacist with the education, skills and competence to deliver the professional service within the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 , 14 , 15 Many studies have focused on the role of physicians and to a lesser extent nurses in tobacco control advocacy often leaving out other important cadre of health workers like pharmacists. 16 , 17 , 18 Community Pharmacy is an important branch of the pharmacy profession and involves a registered pharmacist with the education, skills and competence to deliver the professional service within the community. Community pharmacists in Nigeria deal directly with people in their local areas and have responsibilities including counseling, checking and dispensing of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to their clients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco related knowledge and support for smoke-free policies among community pharmacists in Lagos state, Nigeria

Poluyi¹,

Odukoya²,

Aina³

et al. 2015

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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*Background: There are no safe levels of exposure to second hand smoke and smoke-free policies are effective in reducing the burden of tobacco-related diseases and death. Pharmacists, as a unique group of health professionals, might be able to play a role in the promotion of smoke-free policies. Objective: To determine the tobacco-related knowledge of community pharmacists and assess their support for smoke-free policies in Lagos state, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design using both quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. Two hundred and twelve randomly selected community pharmacists were surveyed using a pre-tested selfadministered questionnaire. In addition, one focus group discussion was conducted with ten members of the Lagos state branch of the Association of Community Pharmacists of Nigeria. Results: The quantitative survey revealed that the majority (72.1%) of the respondents were aged between 20 and 40 years, predominantly male (60.8%), Yoruba (50.2%) or Igbo (40.3%) ethnicity and had been practicing pharmacy for ten years or less (72.2%). A majority (90.1%) of respondents were aware that tobacco is harmful to health. Slightly less (75.8%) were aware that second hand smoke is harmful to health. Among the listed diseases, pharmacists responded that lung (84.4%) and esophageal (68.9%) cancers were the most common diseases associated with tobacco use. Less than half of those surveyed associated tobacco use with heart disease (46.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (27.8%), bladder cancer (47.2%), peripheral vascular disease (35.8%) and sudden death (31.1%). Only 51.9% had heard of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). A little over half of the respondents (53.8%) were aware of any law in Nigeria controlling tobacco use. The majority of respondents supported a ban on smoking in homes (83.5%), in public places (79.2%), and in restaurants, nightclubs and bars (73.6%). For every additional client attended to daily, knowledge scores increased by 0.022 points. Current smokers were 1.3 times less likely to support smoke-free policies compared with non-smokers. reinforced the fact that the pharmacists were in support of smoke-free policies particularly in homes and public places. It also demonstrated that most of them were aware of the health risks associated with tobacco use and second hand smoke however some misconceptions seemed to exist. Conclusion: The pharmacists surveyed expressed support of smoke-free policies and most of them were aware of the health risks associated with tobacco use. However, awareness of WHO FCTC and country-level tobacco legislation was low. Current smokers were less likely to support smoke-free policies. Community pharmacists should therefore be considered worth engaging for the promotion of smoke-free policies. Efforts should also be made to educate pharmacists about country level smoke-free laws.

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Factors associated with dental and medical care attendance in UK resident Yemeni khat chewers: a cross sectional study

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Khat use and appetite: An overview and comparison of amphetamine, khat and cathinone

Perceived Psychological, Economic, and Social Impact of Khat Chewing among Adolescents and Adults in Nekemte Town, East Welega Zone, West Ethiopia

Tobacco related knowledge and support for smoke-free policies among community pharmacists in Lagos state, Nigeria

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