Factors associated with employment status before and during pregnancy: Implications for studies of pregnancy outcomes

Rocheleau, Carissa M.; Bertke, Stephen; Lawson, Christina C.; Romitti, Paul A.; Desrosiers, Tania A.; Agopian, A. J.; Bell, Erin M.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.

doi:10.1002/ajim.22700

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is important because employment status is related to sociodemographic and (reproductive) health characteristics that are generally recognised risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. By restricting our analyses to employed women, we controlled for confounding by employment status and related factors 26 29. The inter-rater reliability of exposure assessment used in this study was fair-to-good and was generally comparable to or slightly higher than reliability estimates from similar studies, therefore it might be less likely that exposure misclassification impacted our results 24…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Maternal occupational exposure to solvents and gastroschisis in offspring - National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997–2011

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the association between maternal occupational exposure to solvents and gastroschisis in offspring.MethodsWe used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large population-based case-control study of major birth defects conducted in 10 US states from 1997 to 2011. Infants with gastroschisis were ascertained by active birth defects surveillance systems. Control infants without major birth defects were selected from vital records or birth hospital records. Self-reported maternal occupational histories were collected by telephone interview. Industrial hygienists reviewed this information to estimate exposure to aromatic, chlorinated and petroleum-based solvents from 1 month before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy. Cumulative exposure to solvents was estimated for the same period accounting for estimated exposure intensity and frequency, job duration and hours worked per week. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated to assess the association between exposure to any solvents or solvent classes, and gastroschisis risk.ResultsAmong 879 cases and 7817 controls, the overall prevalence of periconceptional solvent exposure was 7.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Exposure to any solvent versus no exposure to solvents was not associated with gastroschisis after adjusting for maternal age (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.32), nor was an association noted for solvent classes. There was no exposure-response relationship between estimated cumulative solvent exposure and gastroschisis after adjusting for maternal age.ConclusionOur study found no association between maternal occupational solvent exposure and gastroschisis in offspring. Further research is needed to understand risk factors for gastroschisis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The estimated cumulative exposure (ppm-hours or µg/m 3 ) was summed across all jobs. Mothers who reported not being employed during the periconceptional period were excluded from this analysis to reduce the potential for bias due to work status or employment-related factors 26…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal occupational exposure to solvents and gastroschisis in offspring - National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997–2011

et al. 2020

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“…Also, the NBDPS used a random sample of live-born controls without major birth defects from the same catchment areas as cases; control participants were found to be similar to all live births in the catchment areas on several maternal characteristics [202]. Another strength of the NBDPS was that occupational information collected allowed for the exclusion of non-working mothers from analysis, which may reduce potential for confounding through factors related to employment status [151].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the job information in the NBDPS allowed for the exclusion of nonworking mothers, helping to reduce the potential for confounding through factors related to employment status [151].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, metals likely exert their effects through different mechanisms; thus, use of place of employment, or similar exposure metrics, may dilute metal-specific effects. Additionally, some studies used general population control groups, rather than comparing to other occupational populations [141][142][143][144][145][146], which may introduce confounding through factors related to employment status [151].…”

Section: Limitations Of Previous Studies Of Maternal Occupational Cadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selected occupational and environmental exposures and orofacial clefts

Suhl¹

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Maternal occupational exposure to selected organic and chlorinated solvents and delivery of small‐for‐gestational age or preterm infants

Van Buren,

Rocheleau,

Chen

et al. 2023

American J Industrial Med

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BackgroundPotential reproductive effects of organic solvent exposure during pregnancy remain unclear. We investigated the association between maternal occupational exposure during pregnancy to six chlorinated solvents, three aromatic solvents, and Stoddard solvent, and delivery of preterm infants or those born small‐for‐gestational age (SGA).MethodsIn this case–control study of SGA and preterm birth (PTB) nested within the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) from 1997 to 2011, we analyzed data from 7504 singleton live births without major birth defects and their mothers. Self‐reported information on jobs held in the periconceptional period was assessed for solvent exposure. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between maternal occupational exposure (any, none) during early pregnancy to organic solvents and PTB and SGA. Linear regression was used to examine changes in mean birthweight potentially associated with maternal occupational solvent exposure.ResultsMaternal occupational exposure to any organic solvents overall was not associated with an increased odds of PTB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–1.33) or SGA (aOR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.65–1.34). Point estimates increased modestly for higher estimated exposure versus lower, but confidence intervals were wide and not statistically significant. Maternal exposure to solvents was not associated with a statistically significant change in term birthweight among infants.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to organic solvents at the frequency and intensity levels found in a population‐based sample of pregnant workers was not associated with PTB or SGA; however, we cannot rule out any effects among pregnant workers with uncommonly high exposure to organic solvents.

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Factors associated with employment status before and during pregnancy: Implications for studies of pregnancy outcomes

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Maternal occupational exposure to solvents and gastroschisis in offspring - National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997–2011

Maternal occupational exposure to solvents and gastroschisis in offspring - National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997–2011

Selected occupational and environmental exposures and orofacial clefts

Maternal occupational exposure to selected organic and chlorinated solvents and delivery of small‐for‐gestational age or preterm infants

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