Factors associated with exposure of pregnant women to perfluoroalkyl acids in North China and health risk assessment

Determinants of maternal and neonatal PFAS concentrations: a review

“…Those using a categorical presented five-year intervals (i.e. < 25 years, 25–29 years, ≥ 30 years), though there were two clear exceptions: one study that categorized as < 28 years, 28–30 years, and > 30 years [ 89 ] and another that categorized as 16–19 years, 20–39 years, and ≥ 40 years [ 92 ]. Among studies evaluating maternal age as a determinant, all collected maternal measurements, except for three studies that obtained neonatal measures from cord blood [ 64 , 90 , 91 ].…”

“…Of the studies ( n = 15) that evaluated the predictive relationship between maternal age and PFOA concentrations, most ( n = 9) studies observed null findings in mothers or neonates with serum or plasma measures [ 66 , 67 , 72 , 74 , 77 , 83 , 89 , 90 , 93 ] (Table 3 ). Five studies observed a positive predictive relationship between maternal age and maternal plasma [ 87 , 94 ] or serum or plasma neonatal [ 64 , 86 , 91 , 94 ] PFOA concentrations.…”

“…Fourteen studies evaluated the predictive relationship between maternal age and PFOS concentrations; most observed ( n = 9) null or not statistically significant results in mothers or neonates with serum or plasma measures [ 64 , 66 , 67 , 72 , 74 , 77 , 91 , 92 , 94 ] (Table 3 ). Six studies observed a positive predictive relationship in mothers with serum or plasma measures [ 83 , 87 , 89 , 93 , 94 ] or neonate samples [ 86 ]. One study that combined nine European cohort studies observed maternal age to be a determinant of maternal PFOS concentrations, but did not observe this relationship when evaluating the factor as a determinant of neonatal PFOS concentrations [ 94 ].…”

“…Of the studies ( n = 12) that assessed the predictive relationship between maternal age and PFNA levels, most studies ( n = 7) observed a positive relationship [ 66 , 86 , 87 , 89 , 91 , 93 , 94 ] among mothers or neonates with serum or plasma measures and five studies had null findings [ 64 , 72 , 74 , 77 , 83 ] among mothers or neonates with serum or plasma measures (Table 3 ). Though the studies with null findings ranged in population size, one study used a principal component analysis (PCA) to assess predictive relationships between potential determinants and maternal or neonatal PFNA concentrations, unlike most studies using multivariable linear regression with factors chosen a priori or stepwise linear regression [ 77 ].…”

Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Umbilical Cord Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardio-Metabolic Indicators in Newborns: The Healthy Start Study

“…Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent chemicals that have been widely detected in blood among general populations worldwide (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019; Vestergren and Cousins 2009), including pregnant women (Bjerregaard-Olesen et al 2017;Kato et al 2014;Yang et al 2019). PFAS have unique surfactant qualities and a wide variety of consumer and industrial applications that led to widespread global use of this class of chemicals for several decades (Buck et al 2011;Wang et al 2017).…”