Factors associated with hypertension among diabetic patients in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: case-control study

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients is nearly twice that of non-diabetic patients. The presence of both hypertension and diabetes accelerates complications and raises the risk of death. Thus, identifying determinants of hypertension in diabetic patients is critical for preventing the development of devastating acute and chronic complications, as well as diabetes-related death. Methods and materials: A case-control study was carried out in public hospitals of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. To select study participants, a systematic random sampling technique was used. The KOBO toolbox was used to collect data, which was then exported to the IBM SPSS version 25 software package for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension in diabetes patients, and variables in the multivariable logistic regression analysis with a P value less than 0.05 were declared significantly associated at a 95% CI. Results: In this study, age greater than or equal to 50 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=4.08, 95% CI (1.41, 11.82)], higher body mass index [AOR=3.23, 95% CI (1.40, 7.66)], and higher waist to hip ratio [AOR=2.15, 95% CI (1.12, 4.13)] were significantly associated with hypertension in diabetic patients. Conclusions: This study found that factors associated with hypertension among diabetic patients included older age (>50 years), a high waait to st#to#hip ratio, and a higher body mass index. The concerned health authorities and healthcare providers in the study area should focus on those identified factors to prevent hypertension among diabetic patients.