Factors associated with hypertension and its management among older rural Australians

Abstract

Objectives Hypertension is a leading risk factor for death and disability. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in an older rural Australian cohort and identify predictors of hypertension management. Design Analysis of cross‐sectional data collected from participants in a prospective cohort study. Setting The Victorian rural towns of Morwell and Sale in 2018‐2019. Participants A weighted random sample of 1119 eligible participants from Morwell or Sale, aged ≥55‐90 years for men and ≥60‐90 years for women, was drawn from the Hazelwood Health Study's Adult Survey cohort. Main outcome measures Blood pressure, body mass index, left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram, estimated glomerular filtration rate and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. Participants with hypertension were categorised as managed, undermanaged or unmanaged. Results Testing undertaken of 498 participants estimated the weighted prevalence of hypertension (defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg, a self‐reported doctor diagnosis of hypertension or taking antihypertensive medication) to be 79.9% (95% confidence interval: 75.7‐83.4). Of those, 54.5% (49.4‐60.0) had managed hypertension (<140/90 mm Hg), 37.1% (32.3‐42.1) undermanaged hypertension and 8.4% (5.9‐11.9) a new finding of hypertension (unmanaged hypertension). Current employment (relative risk 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.06‐2.02) and single marital status (relative risk 1.45, 1.4‐1.84) were associated with under‐ or unmanaged hypertension. Compared with no hypertension, the hypertensive groups were more likely to demonstrate markers of end‐organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired renal function. Conclusion Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition among older rural Australians which is suboptimally identified and managed.

Implementation of A Combination Training Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy and Music Therapy (Resik Therapy) to Decrease Hypertension in Datar Village, Sumbang District

“…Depolarization stimulates the release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, Ca2+ ions will bind to the troponintropomyosin complex, which will cause it to shift away from the actin filaments. (Betts et al, 2020). Myosin breaks down ATP to release its energy, the bridges on myosin then attach to the actin filaments and pull them towards the center of the sarcomere, which causes the sarcomere to shorten.…”

Edukasi Peningkatan Pengetahuan Pencegahan Hipertensi Melalui Kombinasi Terapi Autogenik, Relaksasi Otot Progresif dan Terapi Musik (Auto-Resik) di Desa Kemutug Kidul

“…Sarkolema mengalami depolarisasi, menjadi bermuatan positif di dalam dan bermuatan negatif diluar. Depolarisasi menstimulasi pelepasan ion Ca2+ dari retikulum sarkoplasma, ion Ca2+ akan terikat dengan kompleks troponintropomiosin, yang akan menyebabkannya bergeser menjauh dari filamen aktin (Betts et al, 2020). Miosin memecah ATP untuk melepaskan energinya, jembatan pada miosin kemudian melekat pada filamen aktin dan menariknya menuju ketengah sarkomer, yang akan menyebabkan sarkomer menjadi lebih pendek.…”