Factors associated with incident HIV infection versus prevalent infection among youth in Rakai, Uganda

Edelstein, Zoe R.; Santelli, John; Helleringer, Stéphane; Schuyler, Ashley C.; Wei, Ying; Mathur, Sanyukta; Song, Xiaoyu; Lutalo, Tom; Nalugoda, Fred; Gray, Ronald H.; Wawer, Maria J.; Serwadda, David

doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2014.09.003

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The study provides strong evidence of the fact that the practice of unprotected sex among adolescents is common which may lead to pregnancy and an incident of HIV infection thus establishing the possibility that HIV infection occurred simultaneously or preceded the early pregnancies. This finding suggests that behavioural factors may be important in the increased risk of an incident HIV infection, adding to the results of earlier studies that suggest same [5,17,18] as well as the fact that higher transmission of HIV in pregnancy is also biological and the result of hormonal changes during pregnancy [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HIV among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in the Kumbo West Health District of Cameroon

Sevidzem¹,

Shey²,

Omer³

et al. 2019

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers and to assess risk factors associated with HIV infection. Methods:This was an analytical cross sectional study among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers, carried out from April to May 2018 in the Kumbo West Health District (KWHD) of Cameroon. We used a multistage sampling design to select 6 health areas. In each of these 6 health areas selected, proportionate sampling method was employed to get 400 participants from the health areas. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 21. We adjusted for confounding variables (age category, sexual debut, multiple sex partners, irregular/no use of condoms) by carrying out multivariate binary logistic regression. Results:We used 400 adolescents (68 pregnant and 332 mothers), with mean age 14.5 years (SD = 0.21). The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 4.58% (95% CI: 2.7-6.7) even though, the prevalence of HIV in pregnant adolescents was (4.9%) compared to that in adolescent mothers (3.2%) though not statistically significant (p = 0.74). The significant HIV associated risk factors discovered among the two categories were; HIV infection occurring mostly in late adolescence: 15-19 years (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.11-4.24), sexual debut before the age of 14 (AOR 2.40; 95% CI 1.14-5.04), having had 2 or more sexual partners in the last 12 months (AOR 1.51; 95% CI 1.04-3.15), and irregular or no use of condom (AOR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04-1.53). Conclusion:There is a need to address adolescent pregnancy not only as a health outcome but as a risk factor for HIV infection. Preventing adolescent pregnancies is important in a comprehensive HIV prevention in Cameroon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HIV among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in the Kumbo West Health District of Cameroon

Sevidzem¹,

Shey²,

Omer³

et al. 2019

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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“…We conducted multivariable logistic regression by using variables that were significant at the bivariate analysis (communities, gender, education levels, occupation, marital status, number of sex partners and gift for sex). Backward selection into specific models was conducted for variables such as number of sexual partners, alcohol use before sex, demographic, gift for sex, occupation, and religion [ 43 ]. Analysis was performed using Stata 13 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among youths (15–24 Years) in fishing and neighboring communities of Kasensero, Rakai District, South Western Uganda

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough fishing communities have a significantly higher HIV prevalence than the general population, there is paucity of data on the burden of HIV and service utilization, particularly among the youth. We assessed the HIV prevalence and utilization of HIV prevention and treatment services among youth in Kasensero fishing community and the neighboring communities.MethodData were derived from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) surveys conducted between 2013 and 2014. The RCCS is a population-based household survey that collects data annually from individuals aged 15–49 years, resident in 48 communities in Rakai and neighboring districts in Uganda. For this analysis, socio-demographic, behavioral and HIV-related data were obtained for 792 individuals aged 15–24 years. We used logistic regression to conduct bivariate and multivariable analysis to determine the factors that are independently associated with HIV-positive status and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.ResultsOverall HIV prevalence was 19.7% (n = 155); higher in Kasensero (n = 141; 25.1%) and Gwanda (n = 8; 11%) than in Kyebe (n = 6; 3.9%), p < 0.001 and among females (n = 112; 26.0%) than males (n = 43; 12.0%), p < 0.001. Uptake of HIV testing was high in both HIV-positive (n = 136; 89.5%) and HIV-negative youth (n = 435; 92%). Consistent condom use was virtually non-existent in HIV-positive youth (n = 1; 0.6%) compared to HIV-negative youth (n = 20; 4.2%). Only 22.4% (n = 34) of the HIV-positive youth were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2013–2014; higher in the HIV-positive females (n = 31; 28.4%) than HIV-positive males (n = 03; 6.7%). Slightly more than half of males (n = 134; 53.8%) reported that they were circumcised; the proportion of circumcised youth was higher among HIV-negative males (n = 122; 58%) than HIV-positive males (n = 12; 27.9%). Factors significantly associated with HIV-positive status included living in Kasensero landing site (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 5.0; 95%CI: 2.22–13.01) and reporting one (aOR = 5.0; 95%CI: 1.33–15.80) or 2+ sexual partners in the past 12 months (aOR = 11.0; 95% CI; 3.04–36.72).ConclusionThe prevalence of HIV is high especially among young females and in landing site communities than in the peripheral communities. Uptake of HIV prevention and treatment services is very low. There is an urgent need for youth-friendly services in these communities.

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“…However, beyond 14 y, female adolescents have much higher HIV incidence and prevalence as compared to males (7,8,(59)(60)(61) ( Table 1). Pregnant adolescent females (46,47), adolescents with early sexual debut, married, or partnered but living separately, engaging in transactional sex, especially in rural areas (62,63), having multiple or older sexual partners (59,60,64), and those experiencing high mobility and labor migration (65,66), have also been identified to be at increased risk of HIV infection and unfavorable outcomes. Lastly, the significant proportions of perinatally-infected individuals surviving into young adolescence and young adulthood should not be overlooked (51,61,67).…”

Section: Enabling Strategies and Interventions To Improve Adolescent mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeking wider access to HIV testing for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa

2016

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Factors associated with incident HIV infection versus prevalent infection among youth in Rakai, Uganda

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HIV among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in the Kumbo West Health District of Cameroon

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of HIV among Pregnant Adolescents and Adolescent Mothers in the Kumbo West Health District of Cameroon

HIV prevalence and uptake of HIV/AIDS services among youths (15–24 Years) in fishing and neighboring communities of Kasensero, Rakai District, South Western Uganda

Seeking wider access to HIV testing for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa

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